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A Report from birdtours.co.uk

Brazil, Parque do Zizo, 18th October-23rd November 2008,

Robert and Angela Page

Introduction and Summary

Parque do Zizo is an amazing place to see birds in the Atlantic rainforest. This report describes a visit my wife and I made to this private reserve, situated in the South East Atlantic rainforest approximately 200 km / 124 miles south west of São Paulo. Parque do Zizo is relatively infrequently visited by ornithologists, possibly being less well known, compared to other areas in the South East Atlantic rainforest.

The flora is mainly primary tropical submontane closed-canopy rainforest, at an altitude of between 500-800 meters / 1640-2625 feet. All activities, within the reserve, are on foot along well maintained trails. We stayed for 5 nights. It rained almost continuously for the first 3 days but stopped around mid-day on the fourth day. There were then sunny periods on this our last afternoon. The amount of rain varied from quite heavy to a continuous fine drizzle, not ideal weather but it didn’t stop us birdwatching.

Altogether 123 species of birds were seen, with a bird guide, within Parque do Zizo by at least one of us.

Parque do Zizo

We found the reports of previous visits to Parque do Zizo by Planqué (2005) by Lees & Minns (2007) and Moores (2006) useful. The 400 ha. / 988 acres reserve lies between  Sao Miguel Arcanjo to the west and Tapirai to the east at Lat. 24000  Long. 47048 (Lees & Minns, 2007). Tapirai is the nearest town on a main road to Parque do Zizo, as shown on the map Guia Quatro Rodas Rodoviario 2006 Sudeste 1:2,000,000 1cm = 20km. Guto Carvalho guto@avistarbrasil.com.br was our initial contact, made our reservation and introduced us to our guide, Octavio Campos Salles.

The reserve lies at the end of an unpaved private road through the rainforest. It is a single track, for the last few kilometers, that is very steep in places, making a four wheel drive vehicle essential. However visitors are not allowed to bring their vehicles into the park (Moores, 2006). The entrance gate to the reserve is immediately after the wooden bridge crossing the river. The track then follows an incline which runs almost directly north-south continuing through the sede (cleared central area) up to the start of the Mestra trail. Salles (2008a) our guide, photographed the newly tiled roof of the recently completed kitchen and dining-area on the east side of the track. Another loggia providing shelter at the southern top end of the track is equipped with a small table, hammocks and various comfortable garden chairs complete with cushions.

Parque do Zizo is ideally suited to independent birdwatchers with or without a guide. There is no resident bird guide. Parque do Zizo is special allowing visitors to stay literally within the rainforest. It is so peaceful and being totally isolated, sometimes on the trails there is absolute silence. This was particularly appreciated during our visit when listening for bird calls. Birds seemed plentiful at Parque do Zizo compared to the number seen during a similar short visit to the rainforest on the Argentinean side of the Iguazú falls.

We were the only guests and were well looked after. The food was excellent and varied and we always had a cooked lunch and dinner, served piping hot. Water, orange juice and fresh fruit were always available. George also made coffee for us, if we were around the lodge during the day.

The temperature drops markedly in the evening and we were glad of our warm clothing and the warm blankets on the bed. We wore our wellington boots, in preference to our leather walking boots, particularly when on some of the trails in the rain and while crossing streams. 

Accommodation

Since visited by Planqué (2005) from 18th November - 8th December in 2005, by Lees & Minns (2007) from 4th-7th May in 2006 and by Moores (2006) from 30th -31st July in 2006, the accommodation has variously been described as; a camp with dormitories and bunk beds, accommodation blocks with rooms with beds, an eco-lodge with comfortable rooms with private hot showers and a pousada with comfortable basic accommodation. Lodge seems an adequate description and is used in this report.

Our double room with separate bathroom see photographs added to Planqué (2005) was at the east end of one of the two buildings and opposite the original kitchen and dining-area in the adjoining building. The bedroom had a smooth cement floor surface with white plaster walls, a south facing window and a well fitted secure wooden door. It contained a double bed, bunk beds and a candle holder on a pedestal. There is no electricity at Parque do Zizo. The white tiled bathroom was fitted with a wash basin with hot and cold water, a shower and an efficient flushing toilet. The floor was also cement.

The water to the curtained shower, was heated by a gas burner on the outside wall. Each of the 3 or 4 separate bedrooms had an individual gas water heater. Our guide occupied a room with bunk beds at the opposite end of the building to ours.

Strategy

Not wishing to hire a car, we arranged for Octavio Salles, who lives in Campinas, to meet us in São Paulo and to drive us to and from Parque do Zizo. We were required to have a guide every day which was probably for the best as Octavio spoke English, knew the area well and had a good knowledge of the birds and their calls. He sent me a list of the birds we were likely to see that was helpful but increased my expectations. Octavio never used playback excessively, and only, when a bird was heard close by. Without playback we would have seen far fewer birds.

A bird guide in the Amazon rainforest, on another occasion, had started birdwatching with us each morning at dawn. I understood at Parque do Zizo, with the wet weather and the altitude there was nothing to be gained by making an early start before breakfast. Usually we were off by 07.00 hrs, and on some days we were walking for 5 hours before returning for lunch which was possibly long enough. Had the weather been better I imagine we could have taken lunch with us and attempted the longer trails. I couldn’t find a description or information about the various trails shown on an aerial photograph (Planqué, 2005).

I used a note book and tried to make an annotated list of birds as they were seen, often holding the note book under an umbrella in the rain.

Daily Log

This log lists the birds seen daily and therefore contains duplicates.

Saturday 18th October 2008

Octavio drove us from our hotel in Paulista in his 4 x 4 pickup to Parque do Zizo. We left at 11.40 hrs. an hour and a half later than arranged owing to the rain and excessive traffic congestion earlier in the morning.  It was appreciated, once we were on the unpaved road leading to Parque do Zizo at 14.05 hrs., that our guide stopped allowing us to see birds we were unlikely to see at Parque do Zizo.

Shortly after leaving Pirapora, a Spotted Nothura crossed the road about 30 meters / 33 yards in front of us. A little later one of a pair of White-eared Puffbirds was seen excavating a hole in the bank at the roadside. The other was photographed by Octavio (Salles 2008b).

Two Streamer-tailed Tyrants were then seen displaying at a small lake where we also saw Sick’s swift Chaetura meridionalis (BirdLife International, 2008a) flying. Chopi Blackbird, Shiny Cowbird and White-browed Blackbird were in a field opposite. As we approached Parque do Zizo a Grey Monjita was seen from the vehicle, perched on a post, about 20 meters / 22 yards away. It later dropped to the ground before alighting on a post nearer to us. Its red eye, white tipped tail and conspicuous black malar stripe were clearly seen by all three of us.

Other birds seen on route to Parque do Zizo were; Anhinga, Roadside Hawk, Southern Caracara, Common Gallinule, Purple Gallinule, Wattled Jacana, Burrowing Owl, Ruddy Ground-Dove, Picazuro Pigeon, Eared Dove, Smooth-billed Ani, Guira Cuckoo, Campo Flicker, Rufous Hornero, Yellow-browed Tyrant, Masked Water-Tyrant, Great Kiskadee, Streaked Flycatcher, Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Blue-and-white Swallow, Southern Rough-winged Swallow, White-rumped Swallow, Creamy-bellied Thrush, Ruby-crowned Tanager, Rufous-collared Sparrow and Yellow-rumped Marshbird.

We arrived at Parque do Zizo at 16.10 hrs. to a friendly welcome by the owners Franchesco and George Balboni and to an excellent if belated lunch. The 191 km / 119 mile journey from São Paulo to Parque do Zizo took 4 hours 10 minutes, allowing 20 minutes for the stop at the small lake.

At 17.07 hrs. we walked leisurely down in the mist and fine drizzle, past the pond and a pair of Slaty-breasted Woodrail, to the main entrance gate and the bridge over the river Ouro Fino before returning to our room.

Sunday 19th October 2008

This morning, with no improvement in the weather, we started off at 06.55 hrs. along the Trilla da Barra but soon returned to take another trail on the left leading to a manakin lek. We were back at the lodge at 09.30 hrs. having seen the following; Plumbeous Pigeon, Scaly-headed Parrot, Ochre-collared Piculet, Plain Xenops, Plain Antvireo, Star-throated Antwren, Ferruginous Antbird, Eared Pigmy-Tyrant, Black-tailed Flycatcher, Three-striped Flycatcher and Swallow-tailed Manakin aptly named Blue Manakin by Ridgely & Tudor (1994).

We then walked down to the entrance where we saw a Golden-crowned Warbler by the river Ouro Fino.

Other Birds seen were; Olivaceous Woodcreeper, Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet, Sepia-capped Flycatcher, Great Kiskadee, Short-crested Flycatcher, Rufous-tailed Attila, Grey-hooded Attila, Chestnut-crowned Becard and Ruby-crowned Tanager.

The rest of the morning was spent around the lodge where we saw a pair of Green- barred Woodpeckers mating and also; Violet-capped Woodnymph, Versicolored Emerald, Fuscous Flycatcher, Long-tailed Tyrant, House Wren, Magpie Tanager, Olive-green Tanager, Sayaca Tanager and Blue Dacnis.

At 12.40 hrs. we set off to the south on the deeply rutted start of the Mestra trail where we spent the next hour and fifty minutes. Two Sharpbills responded well to playback, unlike a calling White-breasted Tapaculo. The cotingas were feeding on fruiting trees growing on the right at the start of the trail. Just after we turned to go back at the top of the first part of this trail, we had excellent views of a Black-throated Grosbeak with its massive red bill.

Other birds seen were; Black Hawk-Eagle, Sombre Hummingbird, Yellow-fronted Woodpecker, Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner, Olivaceous Woodcreeper, Streaked Flycatcher, Short-crested Flycatcher, Chestnut-crowned Becard and Rufous-headed Tanager.

After lunch we watched a Blond-crested Woodpecker feeding, with amazing agility to someone unfamiliar with frugivorous woodpeckers, on berries in a small tree on the edge of the clearing just south of the loggia with hammocks.

Other birds seen around the lodge were; Yellow-headed Caracara, Black Jacobin, Red-breasted Toucan, White-spotted Woodpecker, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Bay-ringed Tyrannulet, Streaked Flycatcher, Blue Manakin, Rufous-bellied Thrush, Magpie Tanager and Palm Tanager.

Between 16.30 and 19.20 hrs. we returned to the large fruiting trees where the sharpbills were feeding earlier. However none were there now. We spent a long time using playback, in an unsuccessful attempt, to see White-breasted Tapaculo. It had probably been calling all afternoon and was now on the other side of the trail. It appeared to respond, coming closer to us, whilst repeating its call, as we knelt peering into the tangle of vegetation. Ridgely & Tudor (1994) refer to its unique frog-like call describing it as “rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrroowww”. Octavio said he had never used playback successfully with this tapaculo.

It never stopped raining completely all day and there was little point trying to tape in owls tonight.

Monday 20th October 2008

We started up the Mestra trail at 07.00 hrs. turning left at the top, not far from the prominent jatoba tree at the head of another trail.  Recent footprints of tapir Tapirus terrestris were found in an area dominated by bamboo. Here we found a pair of Long-billed Gnatwrens close to the path. They appeared agitated, hopping about in a small area, where they may have had a nest, allowing us long unobstructed views of these engaging birds.

There was still a continuous fine drizzle with low cloud covering the high ground, when we reached the viewpoint, from where on a clear day mantled hawks can be seen flying in the valleys below. We were descending the zig-zag path with Octavio leading the way when suddenly a Solitary Tinamou took fright just in front of us. None of us saw it before we heard its whirring wings as it flew up. Octavio was momentarily visibly frightened. At the time he said for a split second he thought he had disturbed a tapir (Salles, 2008b). We of course were in blissful ignorance but later remembered Guto Carvalho had arranged for a guide to be with us all the time.  

We were still in closed canopy rainforest when a Hooded Berryeater, responding to playback flew in, landing on a branch about 6 meters / 20 feet above us. Almost immediately a male perched alongside her moving his depressed tail from side to side before mating twice. Both birds then flew off, one or both, calling. We reached the end of the trail at the lodge at 11.15 hrs. to find George cooking corn on the cob over the wood burning stove. We had one each as a snack before lunch. They were delicious.

Other birds seen during the morning were; Black-throated Trogon, Saffron Toucanet, White-spotted Woodpecker, White-collared Foliage-gleaner, Lesser Woodcreeper, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Eared Pigmy-Tyrant, Yellow-olive Flycatcher, White-throated Spadebill, Greenish Schiffornis, Green-backed Becard, Magpie Tanager and Golden-crowned Warbler.

After lunch we saw the following around the lodge, mainly from the shelter of the loggia; Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail, Maroon-bellied Parakeet, Squirrel Cuckoo, Red-breasted Toucan, Blond-crested Woodpecker, Grey-hooded Flycatcher, Short-crested Flycatcher, Grey-hooded Attila, Southern Rough-winged Swallow, Red-eyed Vireo, Golden-chevroned Tanager and Green-headed Tanager. 

It was still raining at 13.30 hrs. as we walked down through the rainforest to the entrance before returning to the lodge. We saw the following; Grey-fronted Dove, Striped Cuckoo, Surucua Trogon, Rufous-capped Spinetail, Olivaceous Woodcreeper, White-throated Woodcreeper, Variable Antshrike, Euler’s Flycatcher, Tropical Kingbird, Black-tailed Tityra and Creamy-bellied Thrush.

Tuesday 21st October 2008

Our guide saw a Short-tailed Nighthawk flying around the lodge before breakfast.

We set off, in fine drizzle, along the Trila da Cachoeira do Rio Ouro Fino at 07.15 hrs. A Royal-Flycatcher was seen after passing the blue manakin lek.

At 08.10 hrs. a small venomous snake Bothrops jararaca was seen on the exposed root of a tree, where it remained in tight concentric coils, forming a conspicuous flat circle, about 7 cms. / 2.75 inches in diameter.  It was a light chalky yellow colour with dark flecks, red eyes and a black tongue.

The ground on our left now sloped away to a flat area, with little ground vegetation, where prolonged sightings were made of two endemic birds. First a male Squamate Antbird was seen on the ground, about 2.74 meters / 9 feet away, moving towards us, allowing clear views of its white bib, contrasting with its black throat and chest. The arguably similar white-bibbed antbird is unrecorded at Parque do Zizo. Ten minutes later we were watching a Rufous-breasted Leaftosser flicking leaves in all directions, with its long slender bill, as it foraged on the ground within 3.05 meters / 10 feet of us.  Unfortunately the next bird we saw wasn’t so obliging, for as we climbed over a fallen tree we were within 23 meters / 25 yards of the river Oro Fino where we disturbed a Fasciated Tiger-Heron on a fallen tree trunk lying across the river. Octavio saw it well but briefly before it rose into the air and flew upstream where it alighted before flying again. I saw it with its legs dangling shortly after it took flight. 

We continued downstream, following the trail close to the river, where a River Warbler was seen feeding, just above the water, amongst the overhanging small bushes and trees growing on the bank. The rain had stopped now, and in the short sunny periods the light was noticeably better for birdwatching. We retraced our steps just before the second waterfall arriving back at the lodge at 13.00 hrs. but not before we had good views of the tiny male Salvadori’s Antwren and a Scalloped Woodcreeper (BirdLife International, 2008b).

Other birds seen in the morning were; Saw-billed Hermit, Black-capped Foliage-gleaner, Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner, White-collared Foliage-gleaner, White-eyed Foliage-gleaner, Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper, Plain-brown Woodcreeper, named Plain-winged Woodcreeper, (Ridgely & Tudor 1994)., White-shouldered Fire-eye, Black-cheeked Gnateater, Greenish Schiffornis and Red-crowned Ant-Tanager.

Between 15.30 and 16.37 hrs. we walked down the main track and saw Temminck's Seedeater from the bridge. Other birds seen were; Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail, Plain Parakeet, Scale-throated Hermit and Tufted Antshrike.

Wednesday 22nd October 2008

At 07.05 hrs. we started up the Jatoba Tree trail, stopping at.08.30 hrs. at a small open area to watch an Eared Pigmy-Tyrant with a feather in its beak. Presumably it was building a nest nearby, as this exquisite bird remained close, flitting about for several minutes watched by us all. A Streak-capped Antwren was also seen well in this open tangle of vegetation.

We then entered an area of primary closed canopy forest and were soon watching a Cinnamon-vented Piha that flew in and perched, without calling, about 6.1 meters /  20 feet almost immediately above us. The yellow proximal edges of the closed mandibles were reminiscent of the gape of a fledging bird and in contrast to its conspicuous dark eye and otherwise grey plumage.

We had heard Rufous-capped Motmot at this level, lower down, and could hear them clearly now. I thought they were moving about but Octavio found two perched in adjacent trees facing away from us but showing their green backs and dark brown caps in the poor light. We walked on a few paces and there, right in front of us, was another perched at eye level and facing us obliquely this time. We all had unobstructed views, in better light, before it flew. The nape and the band across its abdomen were now rufous. A blue leading edge to the wing/primary coverts was also discernible when perched. We reached the end of the trail at the huge jatoba tree at 09.35 hrs. and returned to the lodge at 11.14 hrs.

Other birds seen were; Red-capped Parrot, Scaly-headed Parrot, Saffron Toucanet, White-spotted Woodpecker, Blond-crested Woodpecker, Black-capped Foliage-gleaner, Lesser Woodcreeper, Plain Antvireo, Crested Becard, Grey-breasted Martin, Rufous-browed Peppershrike, Rufous-crowned Greenlet, Golden-chevroned Tanager and Red-rumped Cacique.

After lunch the sky cleared and at 13.55 hrs. we set off, remarkably without wet weather clothing, approaching the viewpoint from the north this time. At 14.18 hrs, we had our best view yet of a male Salvadori’s Antwren, noting its distinctive small black bib and the absence of any conspicuous white in the tail. At 14.45 hrs. we had a distant view of a Red-ruffed Fruitcrow, perched high up in a tree, before it flew out of sight. Shortly afterwards a Crescent-chested Puffbird was seen downhill about 18.29 meters / 20 yards away on our left, perched directly facing us, in this closed canopy area of the rainforest. This puffbird is in a separate genus to the white-necked puffbird seen outside the park and it looked very different. The neck seemed short and with the downward facing feathers looking like a ruff, it looked almost owl like. The white crescent seemed narrow but in sharp contrast with the black collar. It remained stationary in full view for a long time flicking its tail, before it eventually flew a short distance and settled again.                                             

This time, from the viewpoint, we were able to look right across the valley and the tree covered peaks of the mountains and valleys of the Serra de Paranapiacaba bathed in sunshine. Something white on a distant prominent cone shape summit was catching the light and caused speculation.  It turned out to be a mantled hawk.  We then watched a White-throated Woodcreeper probing the base of a bromeliad with its noticeably stout bill before flying to the base of a tree about 3.05 meters / 10 feet away showing its white throat and light brown barring on its belly.

A small number of Biscutate Swifts were seen flying with smaller Grey-rumped Swifts before we reached the lodge at 17.30 hrs. The biscutate swifts were too distant for me to see the incomplete white collar.

Other birds seen were; Black-throated Trogon, Red-breasted Toucan, White-spotted Woodpecker, Rufous-capped Spinetail, Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner, White-collared Foliage-gleaner, Lesser Woodcreeper, Black-cheeked Gnateater, White-throated Spadebill, Black-tailed Tityra, Chestnut-crowned Becard, Black-goggled Tanager and Red-necked Tanager.

Before dusk we again enjoyed watching a Crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous waiting patiently on the main track outside the kitchen for Chico (Franchesco) to feed it, which he does most evenings.

Neither Tawny-browed Owl or Buff-fronted Owl responded to playback at around 22.30 hrs.  

Thursday 23rd October 2008

We awoke to a clear sky and soon the sun was shining. Our guide was driving us back to São Paulo so we decided to leave before lunch and stop again on the way. Most of the following birds were seen, before we left, from a viewpoint above the newly built kitchen and by the piece of modern art in the form of metal bird. These were a possible Grey-bellied Hawk, Maroon-bellied Parakeet, Surucua Trogon, Yellow-fronted Woodpecker, Rufous Hornero, Black-crowned Tityra, Black-tailed Tityra, Grey-breasted Martin, House Wren, Palm Tanager and Red-rumped Cacique.

A male howler monkey Alouatta sp. was watched, with the aid of a telescope feeding leisurely on leaves in the sun.

We left at 09.55 hrs. stopping within 10 minutes for 40 minutes at a viewpoint, with a wooden bench, that we left at 10.45 hrs. but not before we had a spectacular view of a Black Hawk-Eagle that responded magnificently to Octavio’s imitative calls as it glided by. Other birds seen were; Roadside Hawk, White-collared Swift, Yellow-bellied Elania, Great Kiskadee and Red-necked Tanager.

After 15 minutes we stopped again in open fields belonging to a fazenda (ranch house) but still within the Parque do Zizo boundary. Octavio was surprised to see a male Brazilian Tanager, normally seen below 400 meters / 1312 feet (Ridgely & Tudor, 1994). Ruby-crowned Tanager, Fawn-breasted Tanager, Saffron Finch and Double-collared Seedeater were also at this fazenda. The latter two were previously unrecorded at Parque do Zizo.

We continued slowly, getting out again for a good look at a Green-winged Saltator with its pronounced long white superciliary that flew across the road and perched in a tree, where fortunately it remained for a short time. The pair of White-eared Puffbirds was again seen just past the small lake.

Other birds seen were; Cattle Egret, Turkey Vulture, Black Vulture, Mantled Hawk, Yellow-headed Caracara, American Kestrel, Southern Lapwing, Wattled Jacana, Guira Cuckoo, Burrowing Owl, White-headed Marsh-Tyrant, Variegated Flycatcher, Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Chalk-browed Mockingbird, Grassland Sparrow and Blue-black Grassquit.

We then continued on to São Paulo, arriving at Paulista at 15.30 hrs. It took 4 hours 40 minutes to drive 192 km / 119 miles allowing 55 minutes for the time spent birdwatching.

Results and Conclusions

Octavio sent a list of family and English names of the birds seen during the trip. I probably under recorded some birds, seen regularly around the lodge, like streaked flycatcher and southern house-wren. A raptor flying near the lodge was listed as possibly a Grey-bellied Hawk.

During our visit to Parque do Zizo we saw 162 species of birds including 16 Brazilian endemics (Wheatley, 1994) and 39 seen only outside the park boundary whilst in transit to and from São Paulo. The complete list, with spelling in English, at the end of this report, follows Remsen et al. (2008) but unlike the South American Classification Committee (SACC) gives descriptive family names instead of the order as used by Athanas (2006).

A futile exercise was to compare the number of birds recorded on a similar visit to nearby Intervales State Park by Hofland (2005). On this visit, two experienced birdwatchers and a guide recorded 89 birds in three and a half days in September, compared to 123 in this report over four and a half days in October. The results are similar, with 44 birds seen at both sites. Intervales lies at Lat. 24003. Long. 46049 between 50-975 meters / 164-3199 feet and contains more altitudinal zones. This may explain why more than 50% of the birds seen at Intervales were not seen at Parque do Zizo during our visit. It is also just as likely to exemplify the unpredictability and fascination of birdwatching in South America.

References

Athanas, N. (2006). Tropical Birding. Brazil Introtour 18-25 October 2006. Downloaded from http://www.tropicalbirding.com/tourreports.html

BirdLife International. (2008a). Species factsheet: Chaetura meridionalis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org

BirdLife International. (2008b). Species factsheet: Lepidocolaptes falcinellus Downloaded from. http://www.birdlife.org

Hofland, R. (2005). SE Brazil and Panatal, Aug 27-Sept 31, 2005. Downloaded from http://www.birdtours.co.uk

Lees, A & Minns, J. (2007). Parque do Zizo, São Paulo, Brazil & its Birds. Downloaded from http://www.worldtwitch.com.

Moores, C. (2006). 10,000 Birds. Parque do Zizo.  Downloaded from http://10000birds.com/parque-do-zizo.htm.

Planqué, R. (2005). A trip report - Parque do Zizo. Downloaded from http:// www.parquedozizo,com.br

Remsen, J. V., Cadena, C. D., Jaramillo, A., Nores, M., Pacheco, J., Robbins, M. B., Schulenberg, T. S., Stiles, F. G., Stotz, D. F. & Zimmer, K. J. (2008). A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. Downloaded from http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html

Salles, (2008a). Downloaded from www.octaviosalles.com.br

Salles, (2008b). Downloaded from http://www.birdforumnet/blog.php?u=18737

Books:

Wheatley, N. (1994). Where to watch birds in South America. London : Christopher Helm  A & C Black.

Ridgely, R.S. & Tudor, G. (1994). The Birds of South America, Volume II The Suboscine Passerines. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cemencia Rodner et al: Birds of Northern South America: An Identification Guide: v. 2 (Plates and Maps)

Martin de la Pena: Illustrated Checklist: Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica

BRAZIL: 18th October – 23rd November 2008, A list of birds seen

TINAMOUS

Tinamidae

Solitary Tinamou

Tinamus solitarius

Spotted Nothura

Nothura maculosa

DARTERS

 

Anhingidae

Anhinga

Anhinga anhinga

HERONS, EGRETS, BITTERNS

 

Ardeidae

Fasciated Tiger-Heron

Tigrisoma fasciatum

Cattle Egret

Bubulcus ibis

NEW WORLD VULTURES

 

Cathartidae

Turkey Vulture

Cathartes aura

Black Vulture

Coragyps atratus

HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES

 

Accipitridae

Grey-bellied Hawk

Accipiter poilogaster

Mantled Hawk

Leucopternis polionotus

Roadside Hawk

Buteo magnirostris

Black Hawk-Eagle

Spizaetus tyrannus

FALCONS AND CARACARAS

 

Falconidae

Southern Caracara

Caracara plancus

Yellow-headed Caracara

Milvago chimachima

American Kestrel

Falco sparverius

RAILS, GALLINULES, & COOTS

 

Rallidae

Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail

Aramides saracura

Common Gallinule

Gallinula chloropus

Purple Gallinule

Porphyrio martinica

PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS

 

Charadriidae

Southern Lapwing

Vanellus chilensis

JACANAS

 

Jacanidae

Wattled Jacana

Jacana jacana

PIGEONS AND DOVES

 

Columbidae

Ruddy Ground-Dove

Columbina talpacoti

 

Picazuro Pigeon

Patagioenas picazuro

Plumbeous Pigeon

Patagioenas plumbea

Eared Dove

Zenaida auriculata

Grey-fronted Dove

Leptotila rufaxilla

PARROTS

 

Psittacidae

Maroon-bellied Parakeet

Pyrrhura frontalis

Plain Parakeet

Brotogeris tirica

Red-capped Parrot

Pionopsitta pileata

Scaly-headed Parrot

Pionus maximiliani

CUCKOOS

 

Cuculidae

Squirrel Cuckoo

Piaya cayana

 

Smooth-billed Ani

Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo

Progne chalybea

Striped Cuckoo

Tapera naevia

OWLS

 

Strigidae

Burrowing Owl

Athene cunicularia

NIGHTJARS

 

Caprimulgidae

Short-tailed Nighthawk

Lurocalis semitorquatus

SWIFTS

 

Apodidae

White-collared Swift

Streptoprocne zonaris

 

Biscuate Swift

Streptoprocne biscutata

Grey-rumped Swift

Chaetura cinereiventris

Sick's Swift

Chaetura meridionalis

HUMMINGBIRDS

 

Trochilidae

Black Jacobin

Florisuga fusca

Saw-billed Hermit

Ramphodon naevius

Scale-throated Hermit

Phaethornis eurynome

Violet-capped Woodnymph

Thalurania glaucopis

Sombre Hummingbird     

Campylopterus cirrhochloris

Versicolored Emerald

Amazilia versicolor

TROGONS AND QUETZALS

 

Trogonidae

Surucua Trogon

Trogon surrucura

Black-throated Trogon

Trogon rufus

MOTMOTS

 

Momotidae

Rufous-capped Motmot

Baryphthengus ruficapillus

PUFFBIRDS

 

Bucconidae

White-eared Puffbird,

Nystalus chacuru

Crescent-chested Puffbird

Malacoptila striata

TOUCANS

 

Ramphastidae

Red-breasted Toucan

Ramphastos dicolorus

Saffron Toucanet

Pteroglossus bailloni

WOODPECKERS

 

Picidae

Ochre-collared Piculet

Picumnus temminckii

Yellow-fronted Woodpecker

Melanerpes flavifrons

White-spotted Woodpecker

Veniliornis spilogaster

Green-barred Woodpecker

Colaptes melanochloros

Campo Flicker

Colaptes campestris

Blond-crested Woodpecker

Celeus flavescens

OVENBIRDS

 

Furnariidae

Rufous-breasted Leaftosser

Sclerurus scansor

Rufous Hornero

Furnarius rufus

Rufous-capped Spinetail

Synallaxis ruficapilla

Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner

Philydor lichtensteini

Black-capped Foliage-gleaner

Philydor atricapillus

Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner

Philydor rufum

White-collared Foliage-gleaner

Anabazenops fuscus

White-eyed Foliage-gleaner

Automolus leucophthalmus

Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper

Lochmias nematura

Plain Xenops

Xenops minutus

WOODCREEPERS

 

Dendrocolaptidae

Olivaceous Woodcreeper

Sittasomus griseicapillus

Plain-brown Woodcreeper

Dendrocincla fuliginosa

White-throated Woodcreeper

Xiphocolaptes albicollis

Lesser Woodcreeper

Xiphorhynchus fuscus

Scalloped Woodcreeper

Lepidocolaptes falcinellus

TYPICAL ANTBIRDS

 

Thamnophilidae

Tufted Antshrike

Mackenziaena severa

Variable Antshrike

Thamnophilus caerulescens

Spot-breasted Antvireo

Dysithamnus stictothorax

Plain Antvireo

Dysithamnus mentalis

Star-throated Antwren

Myrmotherula gularis

Ferruginous Antbird

Drymophila ferruginea

Salvadori’s Antwren

Myrmotherula minor

Streak-capped Antwren

Drymophila squamata

White-shouldered Fire-eye

Pyriglena leucoptera

Squamate Antbird

Myrmeciza squamosa

GNATEATERS

 

Conopophagidae

Black-cheeked Gnateater

Conopophaga melanops

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS

 

Tyrannidae

Yellow-bellied Elania

Elaenia flavogaster

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet

Camptostoma obsoletum

Bay-ringed Tyrannulet

Phylloscartes sylviolus

Grey-hooded Flycatcher

Mionectes rufiventris

Sepia-capped Flycatcher

Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Eared Pigmy-Tyrant

Myiornis auricularis

Yellow-olive Flycatcher

Tolmomyias sulphurescens

White-throated Spadebill

Platyrinchus mystaceus

Royal Flycatcher

Onychorhynchus coronatus

Black-tailed Flycatcher

Myiobius atricaudus

Euler’s Flycatcher

Lathrotriccus euleri

Fuscous Flycatcher

Cnemotriccus fuscatus

Yellow-browed Tyrant,

Satrapa icterophrys

Grey Monjita

Xolmis cinereus

Streamer-tailed Tyrant,

Gubernetes yetapa

Masked Water-Tyrant

Fluvicola nengeta

White-headed Marsh-Tyrant

Arundinicola leucocephala

Long-tailed Tyrant

Thryothorus longirostris

Great Kiskadee

Pitangus sulphuratus

Three-striped Flycatcher

Conopias trivirgata

Streaked Flycatcher

Myiodynastes maculatus

Variegated Flycatcher

Empidonomus varius

Tropical Kingbird

Tyra nnus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher

Hemitriccus furcatus

Short-crested Flycatcher

Myiarchus ferox

Rufous-tailed Attila

Attila phoenicurus

Grey-hooded Attila

Attila rufus

SHARPBILLS

 

Oxyruncidae

Sharpbill

Oxyruncus cristatus

COTINGAS

 

Cotingidae

Hooded Berryeater

Carpornis cucullata

Cinnamon-vented Piha

Lipaugus lanioides

Red-ruffed Fruitcrow

Pyroderus scutatus

MANAKINS

 

Pipridae

Swallow-tailed Manakin

Chiroxiphia caudata

 

Black-crowned Tityra

Tityra inquisitor

Black-tailed Tityra

Tityra cayana

Greenish Schiffornis 

Schiffornis virescens

Green-backed Becard

Pachyramphus viridis

Chestnut-crowned Becard

Pachyramphus castaneus

Crested Becard

Pachyramphus validus

SWALLOWS

 

Hirundinidae

Blue-and-white Swallow

Pygochelidon cyanoleuca

 

Southern Rough-winged Swallow

Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Grey-breasted Martin

Progne chalybea

White-rumped Swallow

Tachycineta leucorrhoa

WRENS

 

Troglodytidae

House Wren

Troglodytes aedon

GNATCATCHERS

 

Polioptilidae

Long-billed Gnatwren

Ramphocaenus melanurus

THRUSHES

 

Turdidae

Rufous-bellied Thrush

Turdus rufiventris

Creamy-bellied Thrush

Turdus amaurochalinus

MOCKINGBIRDS & THRASHERS

 

Mimidae

Chalk-browed Mockingbird

Mimus saturninus

VIREOS AND ALLIES

 

Vireonidae

Rufous-browed Peppershrike

Cyclarhis gujanensis

Red-eyed Vireo

Vireo olivaceus

Rufous-crowned Greenlet

Hylophilus poicilotis

TANAGERS AND ALLIES

 

Thraupidae

Magpie Tanager

Cissopis leverianus

Olive-green Tanager

Orthogonys chloricterus

Black-goggled Tanager

Trichothraupis melanops

Ruby-crowned Tanager

Tachyphonus coronatus

Brazilian Tanager

Ramphocelus bresilius

Sayaca Tanager

Thraupis sayaca

Golden-chevroned Tanager

Thraupis ornata

Palm Tanager

Thraupis palmarum

Fawn-breasted Tanager

Pipraeidea melanonota

Green-headed Tanager

Tangara seledon

Red-necked Tanager

Tangara cyanocephala

Blue Dacnis

Dacnis cayana

Rufous-headed Tanager

Hemithraupis ruficapilla

EMBERIZINE FINCHES

 

Emberizidae

Rufous-collared Sparrow

Zonotrichia capensis

Grassland Sparrow

Xolmis cinereus

Saffron Finch

Sicalis flaveola

Blue-black Grassquit

Volatinia jacarina

Double-collared Seedeater

Sporophila caerulescens

Temminck's Seedeater

Sporophila falcirostris

Incertae Sedis

 

Green-winged Saltator

Saltator similis

Black-throated Grosbeak

Saltator fuliginosus

SALTATORS, CARDINALS, ETC.

 

Cardinalidae

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager

Habia rubica

WOOD WARBLERS

 

Parulidae

Golden-crowned Warbler

Basileuterus culicivorus

River Warbler 

Basileuterus rivularis

ORIOLES AND BLACKBIRDS

 

Icteridae

Red-rumped Cacique

Cacicus haemorrhous

Chopi Blackbird

Pachyramphus castaneus

Yellow-rumped Marshbird

Pseudoleistes guirahuro

Shiny Cowbird

Molothrus bonariensis

White-browed Blackbird

Sturnella supercilliaris

 

Robert and Angela Page, Surrey, United Kingdom.

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