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Brazil, Parque do Zizo, 18th October-23rd November 2008,
Introduction and Summary
Parque do Zizo is an amazing place to see birds in the Atlantic rainforest. This report describes a visit my wife and I made to this private reserve, situated in the South East Atlantic rainforest approximately 200 km / 124 miles south west of São Paulo. Parque do Zizo is relatively infrequently visited by ornithologists, possibly being less well known, compared to other areas in the South East Atlantic rainforest.
The flora is mainly primary tropical submontane closed-canopy rainforest, at an altitude of between 500-800 meters / 1640-2625 feet. All activities, within the reserve, are on foot along well maintained trails. We stayed for 5 nights. It rained almost continuously for the first 3 days but stopped around mid-day on the fourth day. There were then sunny periods on this our last afternoon. The amount of rain varied from quite heavy to a continuous fine drizzle, not ideal weather but it didn’t stop us birdwatching.
Altogether 123 species of birds were seen, with a bird guide, within Parque do Zizo by at least one of us.
Parque do Zizo
We found the reports of previous visits to Parque do Zizo by Planqué (2005) by Lees & Minns (2007) and Moores (2006) useful. The 400 ha. / 988 acres reserve lies between Sao Miguel Arcanjo to the west and Tapirai to the east at Lat. 24000 Long. 47048 (Lees & Minns, 2007). Tapirai is the nearest town on a main road to Parque do Zizo, as shown on the map Guia Quatro Rodas Rodoviario 2006 Sudeste 1:2,000,000 1cm = 20km. Guto Carvalho guto@avistarbrasil.com.br was our initial contact, made our reservation and introduced us to our guide, Octavio Campos Salles.
The reserve lies at the end of an unpaved private road through the rainforest. It is a single track, for the last few kilometers, that is very steep in places, making a four wheel drive vehicle essential. However visitors are not allowed to bring their vehicles into the park (Moores, 2006). The entrance gate to the reserve is immediately after the wooden bridge crossing the river. The track then follows an incline which runs almost directly north-south continuing through the sede (cleared central area) up to the start of the Mestra trail. Salles (2008a) our guide, photographed the newly tiled roof of the recently completed kitchen and dining-area on the east side of the track. Another loggia providing shelter at the southern top end of the track is equipped with a small table, hammocks and various comfortable garden chairs complete with cushions.
Parque do Zizo is ideally suited to independent birdwatchers with or without a guide. There is no resident bird guide. Parque do Zizo is special allowing visitors to stay literally within the rainforest. It is so peaceful and being totally isolated, sometimes on the trails there is absolute silence. This was particularly appreciated during our visit when listening for bird calls. Birds seemed plentiful at Parque do Zizo compared to the number seen during a similar short visit to the rainforest on the Argentinean side of the Iguazú falls.
We were the only guests and were well looked after. The food was excellent and varied and we always had a cooked lunch and dinner, served piping hot. Water, orange juice and fresh fruit were always available. George also made coffee for us, if we were around the lodge during the day.
The temperature drops markedly in the evening and we were glad of our warm clothing and the warm blankets on the bed. We wore our wellington boots, in preference to our leather walking boots, particularly when on some of the trails in the rain and while crossing streams.
Accommodation
Since visited by Planqué (2005) from 18th November - 8th December in 2005, by Lees & Minns (2007) from 4th-7th May in 2006 and by Moores (2006) from 30th -31st July in 2006, the accommodation has variously been described as; a camp with dormitories and bunk beds, accommodation blocks with rooms with beds, an eco-lodge with comfortable rooms with private hot showers and a pousada with comfortable basic accommodation. Lodge seems an adequate description and is used in this report.
Our double room with separate bathroom see photographs added to Planqué (2005) was at the east end of one of the two buildings and opposite the original kitchen and dining-area in the adjoining building. The bedroom had a smooth cement floor surface with white plaster walls, a south facing window and a well fitted secure wooden door. It contained a double bed, bunk beds and a candle holder on a pedestal. There is no electricity at Parque do Zizo. The white tiled bathroom was fitted with a wash basin with hot and cold water, a shower and an efficient flushing toilet. The floor was also cement.
The water to the curtained shower, was heated by a gas burner on the outside wall. Each of the 3 or 4 separate bedrooms had an individual gas water heater. Our guide occupied a room with bunk beds at the opposite end of the building to ours.
Strategy
Not wishing to hire a car, we arranged for Octavio Salles, who lives in Campinas, to meet us in São Paulo and to drive us to and from Parque do Zizo. We were required to have a guide every day which was probably for the best as Octavio spoke English, knew the area well and had a good knowledge of the birds and their calls. He sent me a list of the birds we were likely to see that was helpful but increased my expectations. Octavio never used playback excessively, and only, when a bird was heard close by. Without playback we would have seen far fewer birds.
A bird guide in the Amazon rainforest, on another occasion, had started birdwatching with us each morning at dawn. I understood at Parque do Zizo, with the wet weather and the altitude there was nothing to be gained by making an early start before breakfast. Usually we were off by 07.00 hrs, and on some days we were walking for 5 hours before returning for lunch which was possibly long enough. Had the weather been better I imagine we could have taken lunch with us and attempted the longer trails. I couldn’t find a description or information about the various trails shown on an aerial photograph (Planqué, 2005).
I used a note book and tried to make an annotated list of birds as they were seen, often holding the note book under an umbrella in the rain.
Daily Log
This log lists the birds seen daily and therefore contains duplicates.
Saturday 18th October 2008
Octavio drove us from our hotel in Paulista in his 4 x 4 pickup to Parque do Zizo. We left at 11.40 hrs. an hour and a half later than arranged owing to the rain and excessive traffic congestion earlier in the morning. It was appreciated, once we were on the unpaved road leading to Parque do Zizo at 14.05 hrs., that our guide stopped allowing us to see birds we were unlikely to see at Parque do Zizo.
Shortly after leaving Pirapora, a Spotted Nothura crossed the road about 30 meters / 33 yards in front of us. A little later one of a pair of White-eared Puffbirds was seen excavating a hole in the bank at the roadside. The other was photographed by Octavio (Salles 2008b).
Two Streamer-tailed Tyrants were then seen displaying at a small lake where we also saw Sick’s swift Chaetura meridionalis (BirdLife International, 2008a) flying. Chopi Blackbird, Shiny Cowbird and White-browed Blackbird were in a field opposite. As we approached Parque do Zizo a Grey Monjita was seen from the vehicle, perched on a post, about 20 meters / 22 yards away. It later dropped to the ground before alighting on a post nearer to us. Its red eye, white tipped tail and conspicuous black malar stripe were clearly seen by all three of us.
Other birds seen on route to Parque do Zizo were; Anhinga, Roadside Hawk, Southern Caracara, Common Gallinule, Purple Gallinule, Wattled Jacana, Burrowing Owl, Ruddy Ground-Dove, Picazuro Pigeon, Eared Dove, Smooth-billed Ani, Guira Cuckoo, Campo Flicker, Rufous Hornero, Yellow-browed Tyrant, Masked Water-Tyrant, Great Kiskadee, Streaked Flycatcher, Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Blue-and-white Swallow, Southern Rough-winged Swallow, White-rumped Swallow, Creamy-bellied Thrush, Ruby-crowned Tanager, Rufous-collared Sparrow and Yellow-rumped Marshbird.
We arrived at Parque do Zizo at 16.10 hrs. to a friendly welcome by the owners Franchesco and George Balboni and to an excellent if belated lunch. The 191 km / 119 mile journey from São Paulo to Parque do Zizo took 4 hours 10 minutes, allowing 20 minutes for the stop at the small lake.
At 17.07 hrs. we walked leisurely down in the mist and fine drizzle, past the pond and a pair of Slaty-breasted Woodrail, to the main entrance gate and the bridge over the river Ouro Fino before returning to our room.
Sunday 19th October 2008
This morning, with no improvement in the weather, we started off at 06.55 hrs. along the Trilla da Barra but soon returned to take another trail on the left leading to a manakin lek. We were back at the lodge at 09.30 hrs. having seen the following; Plumbeous Pigeon, Scaly-headed Parrot, Ochre-collared Piculet, Plain Xenops, Plain Antvireo, Star-throated Antwren, Ferruginous Antbird, Eared Pigmy-Tyrant, Black-tailed Flycatcher, Three-striped Flycatcher and Swallow-tailed Manakin aptly named Blue Manakin by Ridgely & Tudor (1994).
We then walked down to the entrance where we saw a Golden-crowned Warbler by the river Ouro Fino.
Other Birds seen were; Olivaceous Woodcreeper, Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet, Sepia-capped Flycatcher, Great Kiskadee, Short-crested Flycatcher, Rufous-tailed Attila, Grey-hooded Attila, Chestnut-crowned Becard and Ruby-crowned Tanager.
The rest of the morning was spent around the lodge where we saw a pair of Green- barred Woodpeckers mating and also; Violet-capped Woodnymph, Versicolored Emerald, Fuscous Flycatcher, Long-tailed Tyrant, House Wren, Magpie Tanager, Olive-green Tanager, Sayaca Tanager and Blue Dacnis.
At 12.40 hrs. we set off to the south on the deeply rutted start of the Mestra trail where we spent the next hour and fifty minutes. Two Sharpbills responded well to playback, unlike a calling White-breasted Tapaculo. The cotingas were feeding on fruiting trees growing on the right at the start of the trail. Just after we turned to go back at the top of the first part of this trail, we had excellent views of a Black-throated Grosbeak with its massive red bill.
Other birds seen were; Black Hawk-Eagle, Sombre Hummingbird, Yellow-fronted Woodpecker, Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner, Olivaceous Woodcreeper, Streaked Flycatcher, Short-crested Flycatcher, Chestnut-crowned Becard and Rufous-headed Tanager.
After lunch we watched a Blond-crested Woodpecker feeding, with amazing agility to someone unfamiliar with frugivorous woodpeckers, on berries in a small tree on the edge of the clearing just south of the loggia with hammocks.
Other birds seen around the lodge were; Yellow-headed Caracara, Black Jacobin, Red-breasted Toucan, White-spotted Woodpecker, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Bay-ringed Tyrannulet, Streaked Flycatcher, Blue Manakin, Rufous-bellied Thrush, Magpie Tanager and Palm Tanager.
Between 16.30 and 19.20 hrs. we returned to the large fruiting trees where the sharpbills were feeding earlier. However none were there now. We spent a long time using playback, in an unsuccessful attempt, to see White-breasted Tapaculo. It had probably been calling all afternoon and was now on the other side of the trail. It appeared to respond, coming closer to us, whilst repeating its call, as we knelt peering into the tangle of vegetation. Ridgely & Tudor (1994) refer to its unique frog-like call describing it as “rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrroowww”. Octavio said he had never used playback successfully with this tapaculo.
It never stopped raining completely all day and there was little point trying to tape in owls tonight.
Monday 20th October 2008
We started up the Mestra trail at 07.00 hrs. turning left at the top, not far from the prominent jatoba tree at the head of another trail. Recent footprints of tapir Tapirus terrestris were found in an area dominated by bamboo. Here we found a pair of Long-billed Gnatwrens close to the path. They appeared agitated, hopping about in a small area, where they may have had a nest, allowing us long unobstructed views of these engaging birds.
There was still a continuous fine drizzle with low cloud covering the high ground, when we reached the viewpoint, from where on a clear day mantled hawks can be seen flying in the valleys below. We were descending the zig-zag path with Octavio leading the way when suddenly a Solitary Tinamou took fright just in front of us. None of us saw it before we heard its whirring wings as it flew up. Octavio was momentarily visibly frightened. At the time he said for a split second he thought he had disturbed a tapir (Salles, 2008b). We of course were in blissful ignorance but later remembered Guto Carvalho had arranged for a guide to be with us all the time.
We were still in closed canopy rainforest when a Hooded Berryeater, responding to playback flew in, landing on a branch about 6 meters / 20 feet above us. Almost immediately a male perched alongside her moving his depressed tail from side to side before mating twice. Both birds then flew off, one or both, calling. We reached the end of the trail at the lodge at 11.15 hrs. to find George cooking corn on the cob over the wood burning stove. We had one each as a snack before lunch. They were delicious.
Other birds seen during the morning were; Black-throated Trogon, Saffron Toucanet, White-spotted Woodpecker, White-collared Foliage-gleaner, Lesser Woodcreeper, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Eared Pigmy-Tyrant, Yellow-olive Flycatcher, White-throated Spadebill, Greenish Schiffornis, Green-backed Becard, Magpie Tanager and Golden-crowned Warbler.
After lunch we saw the following around the lodge, mainly from the shelter of the loggia; Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail, Maroon-bellied Parakeet, Squirrel Cuckoo, Red-breasted Toucan, Blond-crested Woodpecker, Grey-hooded Flycatcher, Short-crested Flycatcher, Grey-hooded Attila, Southern Rough-winged Swallow, Red-eyed Vireo, Golden-chevroned Tanager and Green-headed Tanager.
It was still raining at 13.30 hrs. as we walked down through the rainforest to the entrance before returning to the lodge. We saw the following; Grey-fronted Dove, Striped Cuckoo, Surucua Trogon, Rufous-capped Spinetail, Olivaceous Woodcreeper, White-throated Woodcreeper, Variable Antshrike, Euler’s Flycatcher, Tropical Kingbird, Black-tailed Tityra and Creamy-bellied Thrush.
Tuesday 21st October 2008
Our guide saw a Short-tailed Nighthawk flying around the lodge before breakfast.
We set off, in fine drizzle, along the Trila da Cachoeira do Rio Ouro Fino at 07.15 hrs. A Royal-Flycatcher was seen after passing the blue manakin lek.
At 08.10 hrs. a small venomous snake Bothrops jararaca was seen on the exposed root of a tree, where it remained in tight concentric coils, forming a conspicuous flat circle, about 7 cms. / 2.75 inches in diameter. It was a light chalky yellow colour with dark flecks, red eyes and a black tongue.
The ground on our left now sloped away to a flat area, with little ground vegetation, where prolonged sightings were made of two endemic birds. First a male Squamate Antbird was seen on the ground, about 2.74 meters / 9 feet away, moving towards us, allowing clear views of its white bib, contrasting with its black throat and chest. The arguably similar white-bibbed antbird is unrecorded at Parque do Zizo. Ten minutes later we were watching a Rufous-breasted Leaftosser flicking leaves in all directions, with its long slender bill, as it foraged on the ground within 3.05 meters / 10 feet of us. Unfortunately the next bird we saw wasn’t so obliging, for as we climbed over a fallen tree we were within 23 meters / 25 yards of the river Oro Fino where we disturbed a Fasciated Tiger-Heron on a fallen tree trunk lying across the river. Octavio saw it well but briefly before it rose into the air and flew upstream where it alighted before flying again. I saw it with its legs dangling shortly after it took flight.
We continued downstream, following the trail close to the river, where a River Warbler was seen feeding, just above the water, amongst the overhanging small bushes and trees growing on the bank. The rain had stopped now, and in the short sunny periods the light was noticeably better for birdwatching. We retraced our steps just before the second waterfall arriving back at the lodge at 13.00 hrs. but not before we had good views of the tiny male Salvadori’s Antwren and a Scalloped Woodcreeper (BirdLife International, 2008b).
Other birds seen in the morning were; Saw-billed Hermit, Black-capped Foliage-gleaner, Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner, White-collared Foliage-gleaner, White-eyed Foliage-gleaner, Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper, Plain-brown Woodcreeper, named Plain-winged Woodcreeper, (Ridgely & Tudor 1994)., White-shouldered Fire-eye, Black-cheeked Gnateater, Greenish Schiffornis and Red-crowned Ant-Tanager.
Between 15.30 and 16.37 hrs. we walked down the main track and saw Temminck's Seedeater from the bridge. Other birds seen were; Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail, Plain Parakeet, Scale-throated Hermit and Tufted Antshrike.
Wednesday 22nd October 2008
At 07.05 hrs. we started up the Jatoba Tree trail, stopping at.08.30 hrs. at a small open area to watch an Eared Pigmy-Tyrant with a feather in its beak. Presumably it was building a nest nearby, as this exquisite bird remained close, flitting about for several minutes watched by us all. A Streak-capped Antwren was also seen well in this open tangle of vegetation.
We then entered an area of primary closed canopy forest and were soon watching a Cinnamon-vented Piha that flew in and perched, without calling, about 6.1 meters / 20 feet almost immediately above us. The yellow proximal edges of the closed mandibles were reminiscent of the gape of a fledging bird and in contrast to its conspicuous dark eye and otherwise grey plumage.
We had heard Rufous-capped Motmot at this level, lower down, and could hear them clearly now. I thought they were moving about but Octavio found two perched in adjacent trees facing away from us but showing their green backs and dark brown caps in the poor light. We walked on a few paces and there, right in front of us, was another perched at eye level and facing us obliquely this time. We all had unobstructed views, in better light, before it flew. The nape and the band across its abdomen were now rufous. A blue leading edge to the wing/primary coverts was also discernible when perched. We reached the end of the trail at the huge jatoba tree at 09.35 hrs. and returned to the lodge at 11.14 hrs.
Other birds seen were; Red-capped Parrot, Scaly-headed Parrot, Saffron Toucanet, White-spotted Woodpecker, Blond-crested Woodpecker, Black-capped Foliage-gleaner, Lesser Woodcreeper, Plain Antvireo, Crested Becard, Grey-breasted Martin, Rufous-browed Peppershrike, Rufous-crowned Greenlet, Golden-chevroned Tanager and Red-rumped Cacique.
After lunch the sky cleared and at 13.55 hrs. we set off, remarkably without wet weather clothing, approaching the viewpoint from the north this time. At 14.18 hrs, we had our best view yet of a male Salvadori’s Antwren, noting its distinctive small black bib and the absence of any conspicuous white in the tail. At 14.45 hrs. we had a distant view of a Red-ruffed Fruitcrow, perched high up in a tree, before it flew out of sight. Shortly afterwards a Crescent-chested Puffbird was seen downhill about 18.29 meters / 20 yards away on our left, perched directly facing us, in this closed canopy area of the rainforest. This puffbird is in a separate genus to the white-necked puffbird seen outside the park and it looked very different. The neck seemed short and with the downward facing feathers looking like a ruff, it looked almost owl like. The white crescent seemed narrow but in sharp contrast with the black collar. It remained stationary in full view for a long time flicking its tail, before it eventually flew a short distance and settled again.
This time, from the viewpoint, we were able to look right across the valley and the tree covered peaks of the mountains and valleys of the Serra de Paranapiacaba bathed in sunshine. Something white on a distant prominent cone shape summit was catching the light and caused speculation. It turned out to be a mantled hawk. We then watched a White-throated Woodcreeper probing the base of a bromeliad with its noticeably stout bill before flying to the base of a tree about 3.05 meters / 10 feet away showing its white throat and light brown barring on its belly.
A small number of Biscutate Swifts were seen flying with smaller Grey-rumped Swifts before we reached the lodge at 17.30 hrs. The biscutate swifts were too distant for me to see the incomplete white collar.
Other birds seen were; Black-throated Trogon, Red-breasted Toucan, White-spotted Woodpecker, Rufous-capped Spinetail, Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner, White-collared Foliage-gleaner, Lesser Woodcreeper, Black-cheeked Gnateater, White-throated Spadebill, Black-tailed Tityra, Chestnut-crowned Becard, Black-goggled Tanager and Red-necked Tanager.
Before dusk we again enjoyed watching a Crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous waiting patiently on the main track outside the kitchen for Chico (Franchesco) to feed it, which he does most evenings.
Neither Tawny-browed Owl or Buff-fronted Owl responded to playback at around 22.30 hrs.
Thursday 23rd October 2008
We awoke to a clear sky and soon the sun was shining. Our guide was driving us back to São Paulo so we decided to leave before lunch and stop again on the way. Most of the following birds were seen, before we left, from a viewpoint above the newly built kitchen and by the piece of modern art in the form of metal bird. These were a possible Grey-bellied Hawk, Maroon-bellied Parakeet, Surucua Trogon, Yellow-fronted Woodpecker, Rufous Hornero, Black-crowned Tityra, Black-tailed Tityra, Grey-breasted Martin, House Wren, Palm Tanager and Red-rumped Cacique.
A male howler monkey Alouatta sp. was watched, with the aid of a telescope feeding leisurely on leaves in the sun.
We left at 09.55 hrs. stopping within 10 minutes for 40 minutes at a viewpoint, with a wooden bench, that we left at 10.45 hrs. but not before we had a spectacular view of a Black Hawk-Eagle that responded magnificently to Octavio’s imitative calls as it glided by. Other birds seen were; Roadside Hawk, White-collared Swift, Yellow-bellied Elania, Great Kiskadee and Red-necked Tanager.
After 15 minutes we stopped again in open fields belonging to a fazenda (ranch house) but still within the Parque do Zizo boundary. Octavio was surprised to see a male Brazilian Tanager, normally seen below 400 meters / 1312 feet (Ridgely & Tudor, 1994). Ruby-crowned Tanager, Fawn-breasted Tanager, Saffron Finch and Double-collared Seedeater were also at this fazenda. The latter two were previously unrecorded at Parque do Zizo.
We continued slowly, getting out again for a good look at a Green-winged Saltator with its pronounced long white superciliary that flew across the road and perched in a tree, where fortunately it remained for a short time. The pair of White-eared Puffbirds was again seen just past the small lake.
Other birds seen were; Cattle Egret, Turkey Vulture, Black Vulture, Mantled Hawk, Yellow-headed Caracara, American Kestrel, Southern Lapwing, Wattled Jacana, Guira Cuckoo, Burrowing Owl, White-headed Marsh-Tyrant, Variegated Flycatcher, Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Chalk-browed Mockingbird, Grassland Sparrow and Blue-black Grassquit.
We then continued on to São Paulo, arriving at Paulista at 15.30 hrs. It took 4 hours 40 minutes to drive 192 km / 119 miles allowing 55 minutes for the time spent birdwatching.
Results and Conclusions
Octavio sent a list of family and English names of the birds seen during the trip. I probably under recorded some birds, seen regularly around the lodge, like streaked flycatcher and southern house-wren. A raptor flying near the lodge was listed as possibly a Grey-bellied Hawk.
During our visit to Parque do Zizo we saw 162 species of birds including 16 Brazilian endemics (Wheatley, 1994) and 39 seen only outside the park boundary whilst in transit to and from São Paulo. The complete list, with spelling in English, at the end of this report, follows Remsen et al. (2008) but unlike the South American Classification Committee (SACC) gives descriptive family names instead of the order as used by Athanas (2006).
A futile exercise was to compare the number of birds recorded on a similar visit to nearby Intervales State Park by Hofland (2005). On this visit, two experienced birdwatchers and a guide recorded 89 birds in three and a half days in September, compared to 123 in this report over four and a half days in October. The results are similar, with 44 birds seen at both sites. Intervales lies at Lat. 24003. Long. 46049 between 50-975 meters / 164-3199 feet and contains more altitudinal zones. This may explain why more than 50% of the birds seen at Intervales were not seen at Parque do Zizo during our visit. It is also just as likely to exemplify the unpredictability and fascination of birdwatching in South America.
References
Athanas, N. (2006). Tropical Birding. Brazil Introtour 18-25 October 2006. Downloaded from http://www.tropicalbirding.com/tourreports.html
BirdLife International. (2008a). Species factsheet: Chaetura meridionalis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org
BirdLife International. (2008b). Species factsheet: Lepidocolaptes falcinellus Downloaded from. http://www.birdlife.org
Hofland, R. (2005). SE Brazil and Panatal, Aug 27-Sept 31, 2005. Downloaded from http://www.birdtours.co.uk
Lees, A & Minns, J. (2007). Parque do Zizo, São Paulo, Brazil & its Birds. Downloaded from http://www.worldtwitch.com.
Moores, C. (2006). 10,000 Birds. Parque do Zizo. Downloaded from http://10000birds.com/parque-do-zizo.htm.
Planqué, R. (2005). A trip report - Parque do Zizo. Downloaded from http:// www.parquedozizo,com.br
Remsen, J. V., Cadena, C. D., Jaramillo, A., Nores, M., Pacheco, J., Robbins, M. B., Schulenberg, T. S., Stiles, F. G., Stotz, D. F. & Zimmer, K. J. (2008). A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. Downloaded from http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html
Salles, (2008a). Downloaded from www.octaviosalles.com.br
Salles, (2008b). Downloaded from http://www.birdforumnet/blog.php?u=18737
Books:
Wheatley, N. (1994). Where to watch birds in South America. London : Christopher Helm A & C Black.
Ridgely, R.S. & Tudor, G. (1994). The Birds of South America, Volume II The Suboscine Passerines. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cemencia Rodner et al: Birds of Northern South America: An Identification Guide: v. 2 (Plates and Maps)
Martin de la Pena: Illustrated Checklist: Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica
BRAZIL: 18th October – 23rd November 2008, A list of birds seen
TINAMOUS |
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Tinamidae |
Solitary Tinamou |
Tinamus solitarius |
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Spotted Nothura |
Nothura maculosa |
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DARTERS |
|
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Anhingidae |
Anhinga |
Anhinga anhinga |
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HERONS, EGRETS, BITTERNS |
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Ardeidae |
Fasciated Tiger-Heron |
Tigrisoma fasciatum |
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Cattle Egret |
Bubulcus ibis |
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NEW WORLD VULTURES |
|
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Cathartidae |
Turkey Vulture |
Cathartes aura |
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Black Vulture |
Coragyps atratus |
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HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES |
|
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Accipitridae |
Grey-bellied Hawk |
Accipiter poilogaster |
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Mantled Hawk |
Leucopternis polionotus |
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Roadside Hawk |
Buteo magnirostris |
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Black Hawk-Eagle |
Spizaetus tyrannus |
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FALCONS AND CARACARAS |
|
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Falconidae |
Southern Caracara |
Caracara plancus |
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Yellow-headed Caracara |
Milvago chimachima |
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American Kestrel |
Falco sparverius |
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RAILS, GALLINULES, & COOTS |
|
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Rallidae |
Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail |
Aramides saracura |
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Common Gallinule |
Gallinula chloropus |
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Purple Gallinule |
Porphyrio martinica |
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PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS |
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Charadriidae |
Southern Lapwing |
Vanellus chilensis |
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JACANAS |
|
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Jacanidae |
Wattled Jacana |
Jacana jacana |
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PIGEONS AND DOVES |
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Columbidae |
Ruddy Ground-Dove |
Columbina talpacoti |
|
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Picazuro Pigeon |
Patagioenas picazuro |
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Plumbeous Pigeon |
Patagioenas plumbea |
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Eared Dove |
Zenaida auriculata |
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Grey-fronted Dove |
Leptotila rufaxilla |
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PARROTS |
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Psittacidae |
Maroon-bellied Parakeet |
Pyrrhura frontalis |
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Plain Parakeet |
Brotogeris tirica |
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Red-capped Parrot |
Pionopsitta pileata |
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Scaly-headed Parrot |
Pionus maximiliani |
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CUCKOOS |
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Cuculidae |
Squirrel Cuckoo |
Piaya cayana |
|
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Smooth-billed Ani |
Crotophaga ani |
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Guira Cuckoo |
Progne chalybea |
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Striped Cuckoo |
Tapera naevia |
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OWLS |
|
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Strigidae |
Burrowing Owl |
Athene cunicularia |
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NIGHTJARS |
|
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Caprimulgidae |
Short-tailed Nighthawk |
Lurocalis semitorquatus |
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SWIFTS |
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Apodidae |
White-collared Swift |
Streptoprocne zonaris |
|
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Biscuate Swift |
Streptoprocne biscutata |
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Grey-rumped Swift |
Chaetura cinereiventris |
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Sick's Swift |
Chaetura meridionalis |
||
HUMMINGBIRDS |
|
||
Trochilidae |
Black Jacobin |
Florisuga fusca |
|
Saw-billed Hermit |
Ramphodon naevius |
||
Scale-throated Hermit |
Phaethornis eurynome |
||
Violet-capped Woodnymph |
Thalurania glaucopis |
||
Sombre Hummingbird |
Campylopterus cirrhochloris |
||
Versicolored Emerald |
Amazilia versicolor |
||
TROGONS AND QUETZALS |
|
||
Trogonidae |
Surucua Trogon |
Trogon surrucura |
|
Black-throated Trogon |
Trogon rufus |
||
MOTMOTS |
|
||
Momotidae |
Rufous-capped Motmot |
Baryphthengus ruficapillus |
|
PUFFBIRDS |
|
||
Bucconidae |
White-eared Puffbird, |
Nystalus chacuru |
|
Crescent-chested Puffbird |
Malacoptila striata |
||
TOUCANS |
|
||
Ramphastidae |
Red-breasted Toucan |
Ramphastos dicolorus |
|
Saffron Toucanet |
Pteroglossus bailloni |
||
WOODPECKERS |
|
||
Picidae |
Ochre-collared Piculet |
Picumnus temminckii |
|
Yellow-fronted Woodpecker |
Melanerpes flavifrons |
||
White-spotted Woodpecker |
Veniliornis spilogaster |
||
Green-barred Woodpecker |
Colaptes melanochloros |
||
Campo Flicker |
Colaptes campestris |
||
Blond-crested Woodpecker |
Celeus flavescens |
||
OVENBIRDS |
|
||
Furnariidae |
Rufous-breasted Leaftosser |
Sclerurus scansor |
|
Rufous Hornero |
Furnarius rufus |
||
Rufous-capped Spinetail |
Synallaxis ruficapilla |
||
Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner |
Philydor lichtensteini |
||
Black-capped Foliage-gleaner |
Philydor atricapillus |
||
Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner |
Philydor rufum |
||
White-collared Foliage-gleaner |
Anabazenops fuscus |
||
White-eyed Foliage-gleaner |
Automolus leucophthalmus |
||
Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper |
Lochmias nematura |
||
Plain Xenops |
Xenops minutus |
||
WOODCREEPERS |
|
||
Dendrocolaptidae |
Olivaceous Woodcreeper |
Sittasomus griseicapillus |
|
Plain-brown Woodcreeper |
Dendrocincla fuliginosa |
||
White-throated Woodcreeper |
Xiphocolaptes albicollis |
||
Lesser Woodcreeper |
Xiphorhynchus fuscus |
||
Scalloped Woodcreeper |
Lepidocolaptes falcinellus |
||
TYPICAL ANTBIRDS |
|
||
Thamnophilidae |
Tufted Antshrike |
Mackenziaena severa |
|
Variable Antshrike |
Thamnophilus caerulescens |
||
Spot-breasted Antvireo |
Dysithamnus stictothorax |
||
Plain Antvireo |
Dysithamnus mentalis |
||
Star-throated Antwren |
Myrmotherula gularis |
||
Ferruginous Antbird |
Drymophila ferruginea |
||
Salvadori’s Antwren |
Myrmotherula minor |
||
Streak-capped Antwren |
Drymophila squamata |
||
White-shouldered Fire-eye |
Pyriglena leucoptera |
||
Squamate Antbird |
Myrmeciza squamosa |
||
GNATEATERS |
|
||
Conopophagidae |
Black-cheeked Gnateater |
Conopophaga melanops |
|
TYRANT FLYCATCHERS |
|
||
Tyrannidae |
Yellow-bellied Elania |
Elaenia flavogaster |
|
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet |
Camptostoma obsoletum |
||
Bay-ringed Tyrannulet |
Phylloscartes sylviolus |
||
Grey-hooded Flycatcher |
Mionectes rufiventris |
||
Sepia-capped Flycatcher |
Leptopogon amaurocephalus |
||
Eared Pigmy-Tyrant |
Myiornis auricularis |
||
Yellow-olive Flycatcher |
Tolmomyias sulphurescens |
||
White-throated Spadebill |
Platyrinchus mystaceus |
||
Royal Flycatcher |
Onychorhynchus coronatus |
||
Black-tailed Flycatcher |
Myiobius atricaudus |
||
Euler’s Flycatcher |
Lathrotriccus euleri |
||
Fuscous Flycatcher |
Cnemotriccus fuscatus |
||
Yellow-browed Tyrant, |
Satrapa icterophrys |
||
Grey Monjita |
Xolmis cinereus |
||
Streamer-tailed Tyrant, |
Gubernetes yetapa |
||
Masked Water-Tyrant |
Fluvicola nengeta |
||
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant |
Arundinicola leucocephala |
||
Long-tailed Tyrant |
Thryothorus longirostris |
||
Great Kiskadee |
Pitangus sulphuratus |
||
Three-striped Flycatcher |
Conopias trivirgata |
||
Streaked Flycatcher |
Myiodynastes maculatus |
||
Variegated Flycatcher |
Empidonomus varius |
||
Tropical Kingbird |
Tyra nnus melancholicus |
||
Fork-tailed Flycatcher |
Hemitriccus furcatus |
||
Short-crested Flycatcher |
Myiarchus ferox |
||
Rufous-tailed Attila |
Attila phoenicurus |
||
Grey-hooded Attila |
Attila rufus |
||
SHARPBILLS |
|
||
Oxyruncidae |
Sharpbill |
Oxyruncus cristatus |
|
COTINGAS |
|
||
Cotingidae |
Hooded Berryeater |
Carpornis cucullata |
|
Cinnamon-vented Piha |
Lipaugus lanioides |
||
Red-ruffed Fruitcrow |
Pyroderus scutatus |
||
MANAKINS |
|
||
Pipridae |
Swallow-tailed Manakin |
Chiroxiphia caudata |
|
|
|||
Black-crowned Tityra |
Tityra inquisitor |
||
Black-tailed Tityra |
Tityra cayana |
||
Greenish Schiffornis |
Schiffornis virescens |
||
Green-backed Becard |
Pachyramphus viridis |
||
Chestnut-crowned Becard |
Pachyramphus castaneus |
||
Crested Becard |
Pachyramphus validus |
||
SWALLOWS |
|
||
Hirundinidae |
Blue-and-white Swallow |
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca |
|
|
Southern Rough-winged Swallow |
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis |
|
Grey-breasted Martin |
Progne chalybea |
||
White-rumped Swallow |
Tachycineta leucorrhoa |
||
WRENS |
|
||
Troglodytidae |
House Wren |
Troglodytes aedon |
|
GNATCATCHERS |
|
||
Polioptilidae |
Long-billed Gnatwren |
Ramphocaenus melanurus |
|
THRUSHES |
|
||
Turdidae |
Rufous-bellied Thrush |
Turdus rufiventris |
|
Creamy-bellied Thrush |
Turdus amaurochalinus |
||
MOCKINGBIRDS & THRASHERS |
|
||
Mimidae |
Chalk-browed Mockingbird |
Mimus saturninus |
|
VIREOS AND ALLIES |
|
||
Vireonidae |
Rufous-browed Peppershrike |
Cyclarhis gujanensis |
|
Red-eyed Vireo |
Vireo olivaceus |
||
Rufous-crowned Greenlet |
Hylophilus poicilotis |
||
TANAGERS AND ALLIES |
|
||
Thraupidae |
Magpie Tanager |
Cissopis leverianus |
|
Olive-green Tanager |
Orthogonys chloricterus |
||
Black-goggled Tanager |
Trichothraupis melanops |
||
Ruby-crowned Tanager |
Tachyphonus coronatus |
||
Brazilian Tanager |
Ramphocelus bresilius |
||
Sayaca Tanager |
Thraupis sayaca |
||
Golden-chevroned Tanager |
Thraupis ornata |
||
Palm Tanager |
Thraupis palmarum |
||
Fawn-breasted Tanager |
Pipraeidea melanonota |
||
Green-headed Tanager |
Tangara seledon |
||
Red-necked Tanager |
Tangara cyanocephala |
||
Blue Dacnis |
Dacnis cayana |
||
Rufous-headed Tanager |
Hemithraupis ruficapilla |
||
EMBERIZINE FINCHES |
|
||
Emberizidae |
Rufous-collared Sparrow |
Zonotrichia capensis |
|
Grassland Sparrow |
Xolmis cinereus |
||
Saffron Finch |
Sicalis flaveola |
||
Blue-black Grassquit |
Volatinia jacarina |
||
Double-collared Seedeater |
Sporophila caerulescens |
||
Temminck's Seedeater |
Sporophila falcirostris |
||
Incertae Sedis |
|
||
Green-winged Saltator |
Saltator similis |
||
Black-throated Grosbeak |
Saltator fuliginosus |
||
SALTATORS, CARDINALS, ETC. |
|
||
Cardinalidae |
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager |
Habia rubica |
|
WOOD WARBLERS |
|
||
Parulidae |
Golden-crowned Warbler |
Basileuterus culicivorus |
|
River Warbler |
Basileuterus rivularis |
||
ORIOLES AND BLACKBIRDS |
|
||
Icteridae |
Red-rumped Cacique |
Cacicus haemorrhous |
|
Chopi Blackbird |
Pachyramphus castaneus |
||
Yellow-rumped Marshbird |
Pseudoleistes guirahuro |
||
Shiny Cowbird |
Molothrus bonariensis |
||
White-browed Blackbird |
Sturnella supercilliaris |
||
Robert and Angela Page, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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