List of all birds seen in Southern Africa

The following systematic list details all records of the 715 species seen during the entire seven months of my travels in the sub-continent. Names used are generally those as in the third edition of the Sasol field guide, though where another name is in widespread use it is also given. For ease of reading, the records are broken down into the constituent countries, i.e. Namibia, South Africa, Botswana and Mozambique. Since visits to Swaziland and Lesotho were brief, these records are included in the South Africa accounts. Additionally, in the unique case of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, where you are constantly crossing between South Africa and Botswana, full details of any sightings are given in the Botswana accounts.Finally, in some cases, for species very common or widespread, a summary of total records is given, rather than listing every last bird.

Namibia. Most numerous at Etosha, where up to 50 were seen daily, particularly north of Okaukuejo and on the Andoni Plains. Elsewhere, fairly common at Sossusvlei and in the Namib Desert between Solitaire and Walvis Bay (a minimum of 30 birds), plus at least 12 at Spitskoppe and scattered birds in the desert areas between Keetmanshoop and Luderitz.

South Africa. Records not thought to relate to feral birds included three north of Vanrhynsdorp, up to 15 at Cape Point, plus good numbers in several of the national parks - 15 in the Karoo N.P., about 30 at Addo, a minimum of 40 in the West Coast N.P. and many in both De Hoop N.P. and the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Elsewhere, for example in the Overburg, feral birds were frequently encountered.

Botswana. Common in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (48 in the Nossob Valley, eight in the duneveld and seven at Mabuasehube) and occasional elsewhere (four at Nata, four along the Boro, four at Ngami and pairs en route to Shakawe and near Makwena).

Namibia. At Luderitz, the colony on Halifax Island, easily viewed from Halifax Point, numbered a minimum of 700 birds.

South Africa. Easily seen at the breeding colonies - approximate numbers being 100 at Lambert's Bay and over 2000 at Boulders Beach, Simon's Town. In addition, 18 birds were seen out to sea on the pelagic trip.

Namibia. Common where water exists, especially in Caprivi. Best numbers were at Rundu sewage farm (40+) and Katima Mamila sewage farm (c.30), as well as 20 at Daan Viljoen N.P. and 14 at the mouth of the Swakop River. Smaller numbers were also at Avis Dam, in the Ngepi area and at various Etosha waterholes.

South Africa. In Cape Province, the only records were nine at Clanwilliam Dam, three at Lambert's Bay, two at Eland's Bay and several breeding pairs at Paarl. In the east of the country, records were even fewer and consisted of two birds in Kruger, seven at Wakkerstroom and two at Malalotja in Swaziland.

Botswana. Abundant both around Gaborone and in the Okavango region. In the former, the best count was an impressive 261 on Tsholofelo sewage pools, while nearby Phakalane held 26 and Bokaa Dam another 19. In the Okavango, the best numbers were in the Maun area, where a total of 284 were counted along the River Boteti, 62 along the Thamalakane River and 264 at the Moshu wetlands. In addition, several were seen on various pans at Moremi, as well as at Maun sewage pools, Shakawe and Guma.

Mozambique. Little attention was paid to wetlands, hence the only record was a single on Benguera Island.

Namibia. Only recorded on the mid-December visit to the coast, when six were seen at Swakopmund saltpans and five in Walvis Bay.

South Africa. The scattering on birds included four at Lambert's Bay, a pair on Clanwilliam Dam, two at Eland's Bay each visit and singles at Kommetjie and Paarl. In addition, two were noted at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Not common, the only records being ten at Bokaa and two at Gaborone Dam.

Namibia. Incredible numbers on the coast - several hundred were in Walvis Bay on 23rd October and approximately 2800 were counted at Swakopmund saltpans on 12th December (this latter date, however, seeing only two at Walvis Bay). In addition, eight were in Radford Bay, Luderitz.

South Africa. On the first visit, other than 150 at Lambert's Bay, the only birds were eight each at Veldriff and De Hoop. On the return journey, a single flock of 680 were counted at Veldriff.

South Africa. Some three to four hours out to sea, close to the continental shelf, a single Wandering Albatross was the star of the pelagic trip off Cape Town. In the wake of a fishing trawler and approaching to within metres, it dwarfed all other birds and gave excellent views as it made several close-range appearances.

South Africa. The most abundant of the albatrosses on the pelagic trip, with a total of about 100 seen (most behind the fishing boat).

South Africa. In offshore waters and around the fishing boat, this was the second-most common of the albatrosses on the pelagic trip. In total, about 20-30 birds, mostly adults, were seen.

South Africa. With 'Yellow-nosed Albatross' now divided into two species (Indian and Atlantic), it is necessary to see an adult to positively separate the two. Fortunately, in addition to two immatures on the journey out, the pelagic trip was rewarded with fine views of an adult at the fishing boat.

South Africa. A total of about 20 were seen on the pelagic trip (about five behind the trawler and the rest at sea en route to or from the continental shelf).

South Africa. On the pelagic trip, a single bird was seen and photographed shortly after leaving the trawler. However, with giant petrel identification hinging on the diagnostic bill pattern, it was the case many birds remained too distant for this to be discerned. Thus, in addition to those positively identified on the pelagic trip, several more were also seen, but left to indeterminable status.

South Africa. One of my target species, about 15 were seen on the sea trip, the majority scavenging behind the fishing boat.

South Africa. Occurring in larger numbers than expected, about 25 were seen on the pelagic trip. This species rarely follows fishing boats and thus all the birds were singles or pairs encountered on the journey out towards the continental shelf.

Namibia. From Cape Cross to Luderitz, small numbers were seen at all coastal sites (though the best numbers were at Walvis Bay). Mostly, birds were close inshore and involved in steady southward passage.

South Africa. Only seen on the pelagic trip. White-chinned Petrels were the most common species offshore, occurring in their hundreds both on the journey and around the fishing trawler.

South Africa. About ten were seen on the pelagic trip, though none followed the trawler.

South Africa. Poorly seen, a single bird made a brief appearance at the fishing trawler on the pelagic trip. It then disappeared into the mass of other seabirds and was not relocated.

South Africa. Common on the pelagic trip. A minimum of 45 were seen, including a flock not far off the Cape of Good Hope.

South Africa. Not a common bird in Cape waters, five seen on the pelagic trip were the only record.

South Africa. In much lower numbers than expected, only about 15 were seen on the pelagic trip, most of these around the fishing trawler.

Namibia. A common bird of the Namibian coast. Flocks of up to 50 were frequently seen at both Walvis Bay and Swakopmund saltpans, as well as flying between the two. A breeding colony exists on the guano platform north of Walvis Bay.

South Africa. Only recorded on the West Coast, where birds were seen on both visits to Eland's Bay (70 on first, about 35 on the second) and both visits to Veldriff (20 birds and 50 birds).

Botswana. An impressive flock of 192 on the Boteti River was the only record. Rather surprisingly, none were seen in the Okavango Delta itself.

South Africa. Only recorded in Kwazulu - at least 30 were noted at the breeding colony at Mkuzi, while two also seen at St Lucia and about 40 at Cape Vidal.

Namibia. Commonly seen from any of the coastal sites from Cape Cross to Luderitz.

South Africa. The 30,000 pairs of Cape Gannets packed onto Bird Island at Lambert's Bay was an amazing spectacle, one of the highlights of my trip to the West Coast. A specially constructed hide puts you right into the heart of the colony without any disturbance. In addition, the species is abundant around the Cape of Good Hope and was frequently encountered on the pelagic trip, especially in inshore waters.

South Africa. On the Cape Peninsula, at least 15 were seen at Kommetjie and a single off Simon's Town.

Namibia. Abundant at the coast. Several thousand pairs were noted breeding on the guano platforms at Walvis Bay and Swakopmund saltpans and numerous pairs also on Halifax Island, Luderitz.

South Africa. About 2500 pairs bred on Bird Island, Lambert's Bay and countless more on the cliffs of the Cape of Good Hope. Additional to these, flocks in excess of 1000 were seen at Veldriff and up to 150 at various other coastal sites.

Namibia. The most widespread of the cormorants. In addition to the many birds at the coast, including about 45 pairs at Walvis Bay oyster farm and several hundred breeding on the guano platforms at Walvis Bay and Swakopmund saltpans, the species was also encountered inland. In the Windhoek area, up to 35 were regular at the sewage farm, three at Avis Dam and eight at Daan Viljoen, whilst in the south, four were seen on the Orange River.

South Africa. As well as the many breeding pairs on the cliffs at the Cape of Good Hope and about 30 pairs at Lambert's Bay, the mixed colony of birds at Paarl also included a few pairs of White-breasted Cormorants. In addition, several hundred non-breeders were also seen at Veldriff, a few at Eland's Bay and up to 22 at Clanwilliam. In the eastern part of South Africa, the only record was eight at St Lucia.

Botswana. The stronghold for this species in Botswana is the Gaborone area - here, records included 112 at Phakalane, about 50 on Gaborone Dam, ten at Bokaa and six at Tsholofelo. Elsewhere, the single record was of a lone bird on the Boteti River in the north.

Mozambique. Other than a roost of 65 birds on Benguera Island, all records were of occasional birds in coastal wetlands.

Namibia. Common on the rivers and wetlands of the Caprivi, with the best counts being 20 at Rundu sewage farm, at least 40 on the Zambezi at Katima Mamila and a similar number on the Okavango at both Ngepi and in Mahango. Away from Caprivi, records were limited to eight at Daan Viljoen and up to 12 at Windhoek sewage farm.

South Africa. In Cape Province, in addition to 147 counted on Clanwilliam Dam, many pairs were found breeding at Paarl and smaller numbers also seen at Eland's Bay (up to 40), Jakkalsvlei (4) and Augrabies (2). In the east, a total of just seven were seen in Kruger, 15 at Wakkerstroom, five at Mkuzi and a single at Malalotja in Swaziland.

Botswana. Abundant in the Okavango area. Counts were conducted both along rivers and at roosts. As can be seen in the summary below, the highest totals, both on the river counts and at roost, were on the Rivers Boteti and Thamalakane, rather than in the heart of the delta (i.e. not in protected areas). In addition to birds highlighted below, small numbers were also noted on numerous pans and watercourses throughout the area.

Elsewhere in Botswana, the Gaborone area was also productive - 308 at Gaborone Dam and up to 20 at each Ngotwane, Tsholofelo and Phakalane.

Mozambique. Fairly common in the coastal wetlands, with counts including at least ten at Inhambane, ten at Barra, 30 on Benguera Island and 25 at Rio Savane.

Namibia. Three birds were on the beach near the Walvis Bay guano platform in October, while the trip to Luderitz produced two at Diaz Point and three at Halifax Point.

South Africa. Around the Cape Peninsula, five were at Kommetjie and six at Boulders Beach, Simon's Town. On the West Coast, the colony at Lambert's Bay held 30-40 pairs and these were easily seen, the birds even nesting on boats in the harbour.

Namibia. Widespread, with singles or pairs at Windhoek sewage farm, Daan Viljoen, the Orange River, Ruacana Falls and Popa Falls. On the Okavango River, ten were seen at Mahango and three at both Rundu and Ngepi.

South Africa. Other than six in Kruger and three at Wakkerstroom, all sightings were in the Cape Province. These included 30 at Eland's Bay, 12 on Clanwilliam Dam and several breeding pairs at Paarl and Ceres.

Botswana. All records came from either the Gaborone area or, more particularly, the Okavango Delta. Of the Gaborone wetlands, only Phakalane held significant numbers - 55 roosting and several nests occupied. In the Okavango, whilst many birds were encountered on rivers and pans throughout the area (for example, 189 along the Boteti River), the largest concentrations were noted at roost sites. As with Reed Cormorants, roosts in the heart of the delta were relatively small and again the largest counts on the Boteti River south of Maun - this can be seen in the summary below.

stline, large numbers of Greater Frigatebirds were seen for several days. Following three at Tofo Beach on the day of the cyclone, a flock of 14 were circling over the headland the following day and another three the next day. In addition, a single was seen in Inhambane Bay and, a couple of days later, eight offshore at Benguera Island and another between the island and Vilankulo.

Mozambique. Much rarer than Greater Frigatebird, the arrival of these birds with the cyclone was a fortunate event indeed. A total of five were seen - one at Tofo (with the flock of 14 Greater Frigatebirds), three at Barra and one off Benguera Island

Namibia. All from the far north, the only records in Namibia were two on the Cunene River at Ruacana Falls and three on the Okavango at Mahango.

South Africa. Other than a single bird at Augrabies Falls, all other records were in the east of the country - a total of five scattered through Kruger, one at Milwane (Swaziland) and six on the estuary at St Lucia.

Botswana. With all records in the Okavango area, a total of about 25 birds were seen. The best count was eight along the river at Shakawe, but otherwise occasional birds were seen in all areas, including throughout Moremi as well as on the Boteti River.

Namibia. Only recorded on the Okavango, where a single was noted at Popa and up to three daily at Ngepi.

South Africa. Not common. In the west, eight were seen in the reedbeds at Eland's Bay and two at Veldriff, whilst in the east, the few records included three in Kruger, one at Wakkerstroom and two at St Lucia.

Botswana. While two were seen at Tsholofelo and at least three at Phakalane, the best numbers were seen in the Okavango Delta. As might be expected for a reed-dweller, of the approximately 70 birds seen in the area, the majority were in the phragmites or extensive papyrus beds of the central and northern parts of the delta. Indeed, only two were seen on the Boteti, whilst 15 were noted at the Xhobega roost in Moremi and 21 along the river at Shakawe.

Mozambique. Two birds were seen, one on Benguera Island and another in the grasslands at Rio Savane.

Namibia. The Windhoek area was particularly good for this species, with up to 20 at the sewage farm, six at Avis Dam and three at Daan Viljoen. Elsewhere, five were seen at Walvis Bay on both visits, three at Swakopmund and singles at the sewage farms at Rundu and Katima Mamila.

South Africa. In Cape Province, coastal records included two at Veldriff, up to 15 at Eland's Bay on both visits and 15 at De Hoop. Inland, 11 were also noted at Clanwilliam Dam and a single at Augrabies. In the east of the country, a total of seven were seen along the rivers in Kruger, four at Mkuzi and five at St Lucia.

Botswana. Widespread, but not abundant. In the Gaborone area, Grey Herons were recorded at virtually every wetland, though, with the exception of Bokaa Dam (where a total of 31 were logged), counts never exceeded single figures. In the north, the status of Grey Heron was similar - recorded at all sites, though not in great numbers (a total of 45 birds were seen, with about 30 of these being along the Boteti River).

Mozambique. Records consisted of several alongside the Limpopo River (from the roadside), plus five at Barra and six on Benguera Island.

Namibia. As well as singles at Rietfontein and Namutoni waterholes in Etosha, two were at the Orange River and up to six per visit at the Windhoek sewage farm.

South Africa. The scattering of records in South Africa included 11 at Clanwilliam Dam, at least two pairs breeding at Paarl, four at both Wakkerstroom and Cape Vidal, pairs at Eland's Bay and Addo, plus singles at Cape Point and De Hoop. In addition, two birds were seen at both Malalotja and Milwane in Swaziland.

Botswana. Uncommon, but the few records were widely dispersed. Other than 12 at Kgoro Pan in the south-east and four at Ngotwane in Gaborone, records consisted of singles or pairs and originated from the Nossob Valley in the Kalahari, various dams near the capital and just two localities in the Okavango.

Mozambique. In addition to several on the Limpopo River, two were noted in the Rio Savane grasslands.

Namibia. Adjacent to the Okavango River, in the wet vleis north of Ngepi, two birds were seen on 4th December and a single on the 5th.

Botswana. Though eight were seen at Ngotwane and singles at Tsholofelo and Phakalane, the best numbers were found in the Okavango Delta. In addition to an impressive count of 233 at the Xaxaba roost, other records included 35 along the Boteti River, 11 at Shakawe, scattered individuals throughout Moremi and singles or pairs on the Thamalakane and at the Xakanaxa, Xhobega and Nxaraga Ledibe roosts.

Botswana. This speciality of the Okavango Delta was fortunately fairly common, particularly at roosts. Indeed, of the approximately 320 recorded, just over 300 were at roosts (1 at Sitatunga, 29 at Gadikwe, 31 at Xakanaxa, 88 at Xhobega and a minimum of 153 at Xaxaba). Of the birds seen during the day, the best totals were five at both Dombo (Moremi) and Shakawe, whilst elsewhere singles were found along the Maunachira River, on the Thamalakane and occasionally in Moremi.

Namibia. Other than 18 at Walvis Bay and four at Ruacana Falls, all records were of widespread singles or pairs - including at Avis Dam, Swakopmund, Luderitz, the Orange River, Katima Mamila and Ngepi.

South Africa. On the west coast, up to about 30 were at both Eland's Bay and Veldriff on each visit, while 15 were also seen at Clanwilliam Dam and a couple of pairs were found nesting at Paarl. In the east, a total of 11 were noted at Kruger and five at St Lucia.

Botswana. In the Gaborone area, up to 25 were recorded at Ngotwane and Bokaa, 12 at Tsholofelo and smaller numbers at Mogobane, Phakalane and Kgoro. In the Okavango, small numbers were seen at virtually every watercourse, but the best day counts were along the two Maun rivers (129 on the Boteti and 48 on the Thamalakane). At the roosts, Little Egrets were generally not abundant, tending to occur in numbers less than 20 - the two exceptions to this, however, were 118 in the Xaxaba roost and 180 at Guma.

Mozambique. Common in the coastal wetlands, counts included about 80 on Benguera Island (evenly split between the tidal flats and marshes), at least 15 at Barra and about ten at both Inhambane and Rio Savane.

Namibia. Only recorded at Katima Mamila in the Caprivi, where two birds were seen at the sewage farm.

South Africa. In Cape Province, a couple of pairs nested at Paarl and two were found at Eland's Bay. In the east, one was seen in the south of Kruger, at least five at Wakkerstroom and a further single at Cape Vidal.

Botswana. Abundant in the Okavango, where totals almost equalled those of Great White Egrets. Though frequently seen throughout day (for example, 21 along the Boteti, 24 along the Thamalakane, common in Moremi and 12 at Shakawe), the best totals were recorded at roosts. The most significant roosts were found in the heart of the delta, especially in Moremi and along the Boro - see summaries below.

Mozambique. One record, a single in the flooded grassland of the Rio Savane.

Namibia. Recorded only in the Caprivi, where ten were noted at Mahango, plus singles at Rundu sewage farm, in Caprivi Game Park and at Ngepi.

South Africa. The two records were both in Kwazulu - six at Mkuzi and four at St Lucia.

Botswana. As well as a few in the Gaborone area (five at Ngotwane and three at Tsholofelo and Bokaa), Great White Egrets were frequent throughout the Okavango Delta. As with Yellow-billed Egrets, good numbers were seen throughout the area, including 26 on the Boteti, 24 on the Thamalakane, many in Moremi and 18 at Shakawe. Again, however, best counts were obtained at roosts and this revealed the species to be especially numerous in the Pan Handle (particularly in the Shakawe area). Summaries are shown below.

Mozambique. Records consisted of one on Benguera Island and at least 35 in the Rio Savane grasslands.

Namibia. With the exception of about ten resident at Windhoek sewage farm and eight at Ruacana Falls, all records were in Caprivi. Numbers were approximately 160 at Rundu, 20 at Bagani, 60 at Katima Mamila, 50 at Popa Falls and up to 150 in the Ngepi area.

South Africa. Cattle Egrets were numerous in the farmland areas north of Cape Town, including the Clanwilliam area. In addition, numerous pairs bred at Paarl and several were seen at Eland's Bay and Veldriff. Additionally, about 400 were seen in the Wakkerstroom area and at least 20 at Mkuzi.

Botswana. Common around Gaborone and abundant in the Okavango area. Phakalane, the main roost in Gaborone, supported approximately 1335 Cattle Egrets and, clearly birds from this roost, flocks of up to 150 were seen at many nearby sites during the day. In the Okavango, although frequent in all areas, the greatest numbers were found not in the protected areas of the delta, but rather along the cattle-rich rivers south of Maun. This observation was borne out by roost count data, see tables below, and by the high totals counted along the rivers during the day (670 on the Boteti, 1366 along the Thamalakane).

Mozambique. Not common, recorded only in very small numbers in coastal areas.

Namibia. Showing preference for the sewage farms, up to eight were seen per visit at Windhoek, four at Rundu and six at Katima Mamila. Three were also seen on the River Kwando at Kongola. The best count in the country, however, was at Mahango, where a minimum of 40 were seen in the extensive riverine wetlands.

South Africa. The only records in South Africa were in Kruger National Park, where a total of five birds were seen along the northern rivers in the reserve.

Botswana. In addition to 35 birds in the Gaborone area (divided between Ngotwane, Tsholofelo and Phakalane), huge numbers were also seen throughout the Okavango Delta. The highest day counts were along the along the Boteti, Thamalakane and Okavango Rivers, while the greatest counts at roost were in Moremi and, more particularly, along the Boro. This abundance is illustrated in the table below.

Namibia. Another wetland species only seen in Caprivi. Six were at Mahango, three at Rundu sewage farm and two at both Katima Mamila sewage farm and on the seasonal pools at Ngepi.

Botswana. Moderately common throughout the Okavango Delta, with a good scatter of records from all areas visited. In all, over 100 birds were recorded and, of these, approximately half were at roosts (5 at Sitatunga, 2 at Xakanaxa, 6 at Xhobega and 38 at Xaxaba). Birds seen during the day included two on the Boteti, 16 along the Thamalakane, several in Moremi and, all in the Pan Handle, 12 at Shakawe, 11 at Sepupa, one at Guma and nine at Makwena.

Namibia. A healthy colony of at least 35 birds was at Windhoek sewage farm; otherwise all records were from the far north, with 15 at Ruacana Falls, four at Rundu and up to 12 at Ngepi.

South Africa. In addition to singles at Eland's Bay and De Hoop, five were found roosting at Clanwilliam Dam and at least two pairs were breeding at Paarl. In addition, a single was seen at Milwane in Swaziland.

Botswana. As might be expected for this nocturnal species, the vast majority of birds were seen at roost and, with the exception of 16 at Ngotwane Dam, all were in the Okavango Delta. Of the almost 400 birds seen in the delta, most were in fairly small riverside roosts discovered during the day, but the major heronries also tended to hold slightly larger counts, see table below.

Botswana. One of the 'specials' of the trip - birds were seen at two localities, both in the Pan Handle of the Okavango Delta. At the most famous stake-out for the species, an adult was located at a Shakawe roost during the day, then later two adults and a juvenile were seen flying out at dusk. Quite by chance, a pair were also discovered in riverside trees on the River Taokhe at Guma, these birds giving excellent views.

Namibia. Restricted to the north of Namibia - ten were seen at Ruacana Falls, 14 in the Katima Mamila area and singles at Rundu sewage farm and, on the River Okavango, at Bagani, Popa Falls and Ngepi.

South Africa. Scattered from north to south, a total of seven were seen in Kruger National Park. In addition, one bird was recorded at Milwane in Swaziland.

Botswana. About 120 Green-backed Herons were recorded in the Okavango Delta and other than a handful in the Moremi area, all were either on the rivers south of Maun or in the Pan Handle. Very few were seen at roosts and the best counts were obtained on river transits, including 14 on the Boteti, 34 on the Thamalakane, 16 at Shakawe, nine at Sepupa and 29 at Guma. Away from the Okavango, three were also noted at Ngotwane Dam in Gaborone.

Namibia. Most easily seen at Windhoek sewage farm, where one or two were flushed from a reeded stream on most visits. In addition, a single was found at Rundu sewage farm.

Botswana. Only two birds recorded - one on the Boteti River and the second on the Kwai River in Moremi.

Botswana. Recorded only in the Okavango Delta. Excepting one at Third Bridge in Moremi, all other birds were either on the Maun rivers or in the Pan Handle - up to four regularly on the Boteti, three on both the Thamalakane and at Shakawe, plus seven at Guma.

Namibia. In the Windhoek area, up to three were seen at the sewage farm and a single at Avis Dam on one occasion. In the north, two were at Ruacana Falls, at least 14 in the Katima Mamila area (seven at the sewage farm, the rest along the Zambezi) and up to four at Ngepi.

South Africa. Not common in Cape Province, the only records were of a single at Pakhuis Pass and a pair on the border at the Orange River. In the east, however, they were a little more common and a total of about 12 were seen in Kruger, two at Mkuzi and four at St Lucia.

Botswana. Most abundant in the Okavango area, where 11 were seen along the Boteti, 14 on the Thamalakane, about 20 scattered through Moremi and, in the Pan Handle, seven at Shakawe and three at Guma. Elsewhere, singles were also noted at Ngotwane Dam and Phakalane.

Mozambique. A total of eight were seen in wetlands in the Inhambane to Barra area.

South Africa. Four birds in the south of Kruger provided for the only sighting in South Africa.

Botswana. Though most records came from the Okavango, the largest counts were actually in the extreme south of the country - at Kgoro Pan, a constant spiral of birds flocking down to roost resulted in an impressive count of 329 (and birds were still arriving). About 20 km north, a further flock of about 50 Abdim's Storks was also seen. In the Okavango Delta, flocks of 65 on the Boteti and 45 over the Sedia Hotel (Maun) were the largest recorded, though there were additionally several records of scattered birds (up to 16) on the Thamalakane, around Moremi and up as far as Shakawe.

South Africa. Fairly common in the eastern part of the country - as well as 16 at Wakkerstroom and 14 at the bottom of Sani Pass, many more were seen in the Drakensburg foothills around Underburg, including a single flock of approximately 170 birds. Further west, four were also noted at Addo.

Botswana. White Storks were encountered on five occasions in Botswana. One record was in the south (two birds near Lobatse), while the remainder were all in the Okavango area - flocks of eight, 24 and 52 circling over Moremi and a single on the roadside between Ngami and Shakawe.

South Africa. Two records - singles on the Doring River in the Karoo and on the vlei at De Hoop.

Namibia. Rather surprisingly, this scavenger was not seen at Etosha. Instead, the only records were in the Caprivi Strip and in central Namibia (17 circling above Katima Mamila town and a single near Karibib).

South Africa. Records were restricted to Kruger, where about 20 were seen in the north of the National Park, at least 45 around the Olifants River in the centre and approximately 20 again in the south.

Botswana. Francestown rubbish tip provided the rather less than appealing setting for a flock of over 200 Marabou Storks, the largest concentration recorded on the entire trip. In somewhat more picturesque surrounds, flocks of up to 80 were also seen on various occasions around Moremi, with smaller numbers also occurring on the Boteti (17 birds) and at Sepupa (28). Though the main breeding season had finished, about six pairs at both Xakanaxa and Xhobega still had young in the nest.

Namibia. Viewed from the military convoy as we passed through the Caprivi Game Park, the one record was of a pair gracing a roadside pool.

South Africa. Only noted at Kruger, where a total of six were seen in the northern half of the National Park.

Botswana. In addition to about 25 seen during the aerial survey of the Okavango Delta, good numbers were also seen whilst on the ground. In total, 16 were recorded in Moremi, 10 along the Boro, two in the Moshu wetlands (west of Maun) and a single on the Boteti.

Mozambique. One record, a single in the flooded grasslands of the Rio Savane.

Namibia. Common in the eastern half of Caprivi - after four at Katima Mamila sewage farm and a single in nearby woodland, a flock of 70 were then seen circling near the Zambian border. Over the next days, up to 65 were seen daily in the Ngepi area, mostly flocks circling, but also small numbers in the vleis. Three were also noted at Mahango.

South Africa. In eastern areas, seven were seen in the north of Kruger, two in the south and one at Mkuzi.

Botswana. Whilst recorded throughout the Okavango Delta, the greatest numbers were recorded along the Thamalakane. Along this river, a total of 515 were counted along the 38 km from its confluence with the Boteti to its upper reaches. In addition, a flock of 274 were seen heading to roost along its banks near the Sedia Hotel. Elsewhere in the delta, 147 were counted at roost at Shakawe and 40 at Guma, but otherwise all records were of small flocks (up to 12), including on the Boteti, in Moremi and along the Boro.

Mozambique. Open-billed Storks were recorded in three localities - three in the grasslands at Rio Savane and singles at Tofo and on Benguera Island.

South Africa. Following three in the south of Kruger and one at Mkuzi, a total of 12 were noted on the estuary at St Lucia.

Botswana. Rather surprisingly, the only Woolly-necked Storks recorded were two during the aerial survey of the Okavango and a flock of about 155 at Dombo in Moremi.

South Africa. A total of about 25 Yellow-billed Storks were seen in Kruger, 15 of which were on the Olifants River. Elsewhere in the east, a minimum of 40 were noted at Mkuzi and six at St Lucia.

Botswana. Widely recorded in Botswana. Starting in the south, one was seen at Mogobane and 14 at Bokaa, while further north, 15 were also noted at Francestown rubbish tip and, in the Okavango Delta, two on the Boteti, 11 in the Moshu wetlands, 27 in Moremi and a single along the Boro. In addition, many birds were also seen across the Okavango during the aerial survey.

South Africa. In Cape Province, in addition to several breeding pairs at Paarl, three birds were at Ceres, seven at Clanwilliam and up to five on each visit at both Lambert's Bay and Veldriff. In the east of the country, ten Spoonbills were noted at Mkuzi and singles in northern Kruger and St Lucia.

Botswana. Recorded in both the Gaborone area and the Okavango Delta. Gaborone birds included 41 at Bokaa, 18 at Ngotwane, seven at Kgoro Pan and four at both Mogobane and Tsholofelo. In the Okavango region, the highest totals were recorded in the Maun area and included 76 on the Boteti and 46 in the Moshu wetlands. Away from Maun, the only records were five at the Xakanaxa roost, another five elsewhere in Moremi and two along the Boro.

South Africa. Fairly common in the southern Cape, with pairs at Pakhuis Pass, Lambert's Bay and in the Constantia greenbelts of Cape Town, plus up to 15 each day in the farmland loops of the Overberg and about ten at Grootvadersbosch. In the east of the country, the birds were even more common and were noted at almost all sites visited. Twelve were recorded at both Wakkerstroom and Malalotja (Swaziland), eight at Mkuzi and numbers up to six at sites including Kruger, Milwane, St Lucia, Cape Vidal, Bonamanzi, Eshowe, Sani Pass and Addo.

Botswana. With records restricted to the Okavango Delta, only 33 birds were seen and two-thirds of these were in the Pan Handle (particularly the Guma area).

South Africa. On the West Coast, six were seen at Lambert's Bay and four at Eland's Bay.

Botswana. Fairly common in the Okavango Delta, with best numbers seen along the Maun rivers (27 on the Boteti, 24 on the Thamalakane) and at roosts throughout the delta. Data for the roosts is presented below, but it is immediately apparent that the highest concentrations were on Boro and, once again, the Maun rivers.

In addition to those in the Okavango, a handful of birds were also seen in the Gaborone area - six at Ngotwane and singles at Tsholofelo, Kgoro Pan and Bokaa Dam.

South Africa. This highland endemic was seen in two areas - around Wakkerstroom (flocks of 35, 20 and six birds) and at Sani Pass (six birds on the plateau in Lesotho, five birds near the bottom of the pass). A few kilometres further into Lesotho, another observer saw a flock of over a hundred Bald Ibises.

Namibia. Scarce in Namibia, the only sightings being up to four on each visit to Windhoek sewage farm.

South Africa. Sacred Ibises were common throughout the farmland of the Overburg and also at Paarl, where several hundred pairs were nesting. Additionally, 15 were at Lambert's Bay, 20 at Clanwilliam and about 40 at Veldriff. Rather less common in the east, with just 30 at Milwane (Swaziland) and ten at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Following the pattern of many other waterbirds, Sacred Ibises were recorded in fairly small numbers around Gaborone (23 at Bokaa, 20 at Tsholofelo, four at Ngotwane and three at Phakalane) and rather more abundantly in the Okavango Delta. Small flocks were seen throughout the delta during the day counts, but greater numbers were noted at the roosts - particularly at Xaxaba (62 birds) and Guma (56 birds).

Mozambique. Only noted on Benguera Island, where ten were on the inter-tidal flats and four on a marsh.

Namibia. One of the most important sites for the species in southern Africa, Walvis Bay supported many thousands of birds, both in the bay itself and on the adjacent salt works. Further up the coast, Swakopmund salt works also held about 450 Greater Flamingos. Further south, however, the bays at Luderitz collectively scrapped a bare 30 birds.

South Africa. The coastal wetlands of Veldriff, Lambert's Bay and De Hoop held the greatest number of birds (with up to 700, 90 and 35 respectively at each), while inland Paarl had a single bird.

Botswana. With Makgadikgadi Pans totally dry and thus devoid of birds, the 603 Greater Flamingos at Tsholofelo was the largest count in Botswana. Smaller numbers were also seen at Bokaa Dam (130 birds), Kgoro Pan (one) and on the Boteti River (five).

Mozambique. Healthy counts included at least 45 at Barra and 440 on Benguera Island.

Namibia. As with its larger cousin, Walvis Bay is internationally important for this bird - several thousand were seen on the lagoon and salt works. Swakopmund salt works also supported approximately 1500 birds.

South Africa. Only noted at Veldriff, where birds were seen on both visits to the salt works - about 35 were present on the first visit and, a year later, at least 120 were counted.

Botswana. All records were in the Gaborone area. In addition to a flock of about 100 flying over Ngotwane, 209 were also counted at Tsholofelo, 33 at Kgoro Pan and 56 at Bokaa Dam.

Namibia. The only sightings in Namibia were three at Mahango and a single on a seasonal pool at Ngepi.

Botswana. Very good numbers were seen in the wetlands of the Okavango Delta, particularly in the Maun area. The Thamalakane River topped the list, with 122 counted along its 38 km length. Also noteworthy, 63 were found on the Boteti and 84 in the Moshu wetlands. In Moremi, small numbers of Pygmy Geese could be found on many of the pans and river channels, whilst backwaters in the Pan Handle also supported high densities (the best being 68 on channels in the Shakawe area).

Namibia. Only seen along the Okavango River - seven at Rundu, five at Popa Falls, up to 11 at Ngepi and about 35 in Mahango.

South Africa. Common in farmland areas north of Cape Town and widespread elsewhere in the southern Cape Province, including up to 40 at Clanwilliam and Eland's Bay, plus counts of up to ten at Pakhuis Pass, Veldriff, Bontebok N.P., Ceres and Paarl.

Botswana. Common in both the Gaborone area and Okavango Delta, typically occurring in flocks of up to 20 or 30 at many sites visited; for example, at Phakalane, at Bokaa Dam, along the two Maun rivers, on pans in Moremi and in flood meadows at Shakawe.

Mozambique. The few visits to wetlands accounts for the fact that only two records were noted - five at Barra and four in the grasslands of Rio Savane.

Namibia. In Namibia, the Windhoek area was the stronghold, with flocks of up to 320 at Avis Dam, 55 at the sewage farm and about 20 at Daan Viljoen. Elsewhere, the only records were pairs on two Etosha waterholes and eight at the Orange River.

South Africa. Very common throughout the southern Cape, with hundreds recorded in the farmlands north of Cape Town and across the Overburg, as well as good numbers at Clanwilliam Dam and on the vleis at Lambert's Bay, De Hoop and Ceres. Less common in the east, where only about 40 were noted in Kruger and six at St Lucia.

Botswana. Fairly common around Gaborone (the best counts being 44 at Tsholofelo and 102 at Bokaa Dam) and also along the Boteti River (52 birds) and in Moremi (up to 30 on many of the pans). Not seen along the Thamalakane River or in the Pan Handle of the Okavango.

Namibia. In the Windhoek area, this species was abundant in October, and thereafter declined to become scarce by December. At Avis Dam, the 140 present on 12th October fell to about 30 by the month's end and to just two in December. At the sewage farm, October numbers were about 40, halving in December. Elsewhere, the only record was four at Swakopmund in December.

South Africa. Several hundred birds seen at both Lambert's Bay (first visit only) and Ceres, plus about 40 at Eland's Bay and Clanwilliam. The only other records were six on the Doring River and two at Addo.

Botswana. Just two records, both in the south east of the country - two at Kgoro Pan and six at Bokaa Dam.

Namibia. Only found along the rivers of the Caprivi Strip - four at Popa Falls and up to seven daily in both the Katima Mamila and Ngepi areas.

South Africa. Singles in the south of Kruger and at Mkuzi constituted the only records in South Africa.

Botswana. Though fairly common on many of the pans in Moremi, the best counts in the Okavango area were on the Maun rivers - along the lengths of the two rivers, 24 were counted on the Boteti and 179 on the Thamalakane. Appeared scarce in the Pan Handle of the delta, with two at Guma the only ones sighted. Away from the Okavango, 34 were also noted at Bokaa Dam and two at Lobatse.

Namibia. Another species restricted to the Caprivi. A total of 35 were seen at Rundu sewage farm, 18 on the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila and, on the Okavango, about 50 at Mahango and a single at Ngepi.

South Africa. Four birds were seen at Paarl, probably the best locality for this species in the Cape Province. More frequent in the east, seven were noted in Kruger, five at Milwane (Swaziland) and 35 at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Dwarfing counts at all other sites, an amazing 1705 birds made Bokaa Dam the key site for this species in Botswana (no other site in the Gaborone area held more than 30 birds). In the Okavango, White-faced Ducks were widespread, though not particularly abundant. Other than along the Boteti (102 birds) and the Thamalakane (53), most records were of small scattered flocks throughout the delta, mostly involving single figures.

Mozambique. Only seen on Benguera Island, where a total of 42 were noted (split between two wetlands).

Botswana. After a single bird at Mogobane, the three other records were all in the Okavango - flocks of 24 and 25 on the Thamalakane (possibly relating to the same birds) and a total of 93 on a lagoon near Guma.

Botswana. As with many other waterbirds, it was the rivers south of Maun that held the greatest numbers of White-backed Ducks - 195 were counted along the Boteti and 61 along the Thamalakane. Other than these, the only records in Botswana were nine in the Moshu wetlands, seven at Tsholofelo and one at Lobatse.

Namibia. Up to 15 were at Windhoek sewage farm each visit. Two were also noted at Rundu sewage farm.

Botswana. With 210 birds, Bokaa Dam was the most important site for this species. Records elsewhere included nine at Tsholofelo, singles at Mogobane and Phakalane, 17 on the Boteti and seven at Moshu.

Namibia. Only recorded at Windhoek sewage farm, where one or two were seen each visit.

South Africa. The vlei at Lambert's Bay held about 15 birds (first visit only), while five were also at Paarl.

South Africa. Though not abundant, there was a good scattering of birds across Cape Province - as well as 72 on Clanwilliam Dam, about 20 were also seen at both De Hoop and Paarl and pairs at Pakhuis Pass, Lambert's Bay and Veldriff. In addition, in the east of the country, at least 30 were noted at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Widespread and fairly common. In the Gaborone area, the peak counts were about 120 on Bokaa Dam and 40 on Mogobane, while smaller numbers were also seen at Ngotwane, Tsholofelo, Kgoro Pan and Molopo. Further north, in the Okavango Delta, Yellow-billed Ducks were most abundant on the pans of Moremi, though a few were also noted on the Boteti and Thamalakane Rivers.

South Africa. A total of six birds were seen in South Africa - one at Pakhuis Pass, three on Clanwilliam Dam and two on the stream through Sani Pass.

Botswana. On consecutive days, two birds were seen on the river flowing into Ngotwane Dam in Gaborone.

South Africa. As well as numerous birds on the vlei at Lambert's Bay, about 25 were also seen at Paarl, 15 at De Hoop and pairs on the Doring River and at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Distinctively thin on the ground, the only records were one at Tsholofelo and three on the Boteti.

Botswana. Probably an eclipse male, a single on the Boteti River was the fifth record for Botswana.

Namibia. The first two months in Namibia saw just two records - a pair at Okondeka and a single at Goas (both waterholes in Etosha) - so the appearance of a flock of approx. 1200 at Swakopmund salt works in December was a surprise indeed. Additionally, eight were on the nearby Swakop River at the same time.

South Africa. While common on the vlei at Lambert's Bay on my first trip, much lower water levels on my latter visit resulted in just seven birds present. Elsewhere, up to 20 were seen at Veldriff and five at De Hoop.

Botswana. Following just four records scattered around the country (one at Ngotwane, nine at Bokaa, six at Makgadikgadi and nine on the Boteti), it was perhaps surprising to find a flock of 84 on Maun sewage pools.

Namibia. The most widespread of the ducks in Namibia, though with the exception of over 100 at Windhoek sewage farm and 25 at Avis Dam, counts were generally less than ten. Localities included several Etosha waterholes, Katima Mamila, Ngepi, the Swakop River, the Orange River and Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Recorded only at Lambert's Bay (common), Clanwilliam (15) and Paarl (a pair).

Botswana. Abundant both around Gaborone and the Okavango Delta. While small flocks were seen on most wetlands in these areas, the highest numbers were found on the Maun rivers - 943 on the Boteti and 365 on the Thamalakane. Very respectable counts were also obtained on several of the Gaborone waterbodies, most especially at Bokaa Dam (401 birds) and Kgoro Pan (99).

Namibia. Common at the various sewage farms - up to 20 per visit at Windhoek, 50 at Rundu and about 60 at Katima Mamila.

Botswana. In much of the Okavango, Hottentot Teals were the most plentiful of the ducks. This was particularly the case at Maun sewage pools (where 471 were present) and throughout Moremi. On the Maun rivers, though outnumbered by Red-billed Teals, counts were also healthy, with 595 on the Boteti and 79 on the Thamalakane. The Gaborone area, however, held very few birds - the only record being 56 at Tsholofelo.

Namibia. One of the highlights at Etosha, a pair was found striding the extensive grasslands of Fischer's Pan (near Namutoni).

South Africa. As well as pairs at Wakkerstroom and Addo, single birds were also seen from the roadside north of Calvinia and near Garies, both in the Northern Cape Province.

Botswana. The arid desertscapes of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park supported impressive numbers of Secretarybirds - a total of 22 were seen in the Nossob Valley and seven in Mabuasehube. Elsewhere, the only bird seen was one along the Boro (in the Okavango Delta).

South Africa. Soaring along the ridge of the escarpment, a Lammergeier gave fantastic views on the border of South Africa and Lesotho at Sani Pass.

Namibia. At Etosha, three birds were located at a kill near Springbokfontain, whilst away from the National Park, singles were seen at Bagani, Ngepi and Karibib.

South Africa. The few birds seen were all in Kruger National Park - one in central parts of the reserve and a total of four in the south.

Botswana. Though records were dispersed across much of the country, the total number of birds seen was quite low. The best count, made all the more impressive by the presence of almost 200 other vultures, was 37 at Mabuasehube. Elsewhere, a single Lappet-faced Vulture was seen in Moremi and roadside kills attracted one en route to Francestown, six near Nata and a further single not far south of Shakawe.

Namibia. The commonest of the vultures. At Etosha, four were noted near Anderson Gate and singles at Goas and Springbokfontain. Elsewhere, 18 were seen about 10 km south of Etosha, three south of Katima Mamila, two at Ngepi and 12 at Karibib.

South Africa. Only recorded in the major national parks - up to 45 daily at Kruger, at least 20 at Mkuzi and, additionally, several in the South African part of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Botswana. As well as large numbers throughout the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (12 in the Nossob Valley, four in the duneveld and 188 at Mabuasehube), White-backed Vultures were commonly seen throughout Botswana. The highest concentrations were at roadside kills (usually donkeys hit by trucks) - these included 69 near Nata, 42 south of Shakawe and 56 near Makwena. Additionally, a total of 60 were noted across Moremi, about 30 in the vicinity of Francestown and 26 along the Boro. Elsewhere, smaller numbers were also seen at Kgoro Pan, Molopo, the Boteti River and along the entire route from Ngami to Shakawe.

South Africa. A visit to the Potburg colony in De Hoop N.P. was rewarded with views of about 12 returning to the nesting cliffs. Other than these, the only birds seen were three in the Transkei.

Botswana. One of only two colonies in Botswana, at least 100 Cape Vultures were seen on and around the cliffs at Otse, just south of Gaborone.

Namibia. The only record in Namibia was a single descending to a kill at Springbokfontain in Etosha.

South Africa. In Kruger, a total of four birds were seen, two in central areas and two in the south.

Botswana. Four birds were seen at Mabuasehube, while the same number were also recorded in central areas of the Okavango Delta (one in Moremi and three along the Boro).

Namibia. Waiting for scraps from a butcher's stall, two birds were seen 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Fourteen Hooded Vultures were seen in Kruger, all in the southern half of the National Park.

Botswana. All sightings were in the Okavango Delta - a total of eight in Moremi and three along the Boro.

Namibia. Although only recorded in the extreme north of Namibia, Yellow-billed Kites were very common there, especially in the Caprivi Strip. While less than ten were seen in the Ondangwa to Ruacana Falls area, literally hundreds were found in Caprivi. The best totals included a minimum of 60 daily at Rundu, a similar number at Bagani, about 150 at Katima Mamila and up to 220 per day at Ngepi.

South Africa. To the north and east of Cape Town, several birds were seen near Citrusdal and Clanwilliam, up to 15 at various points along the West Coast (including Lambert's Bay, Eland's Bay, Veldriff and the West Coast N.P.), as well as a single at Sir Lowry's Pass and two near De Hoop. In the east of South Africa, about 20 were also scattered across Kruger, two at Mkuzi, ten in the St Lucia to Cape Vidal area and up to five at each Bonamanzi, Sani Pass and Addo.

Botswana. With the exception of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (where only a single was seen), Yellow-billed Kites were common across much of the country, including the Gaborone area and the Okavango Delta. Example counts included 20 at Bokaa Dam, 98 in Moremi and 23 along the Boro.

Mozambique. Moderately common in coastal areas of southern Mozambique from the Maputo area north to the Inhambane peninsula. In addition, two were noted near Inchope.

Namibia. Though many were undoubtedly missed amongst the numerous Yellow-billed Kites in the Caprivi, the only definite record of this European migrant was of two near Divundu.

Botswana. Roosting with Yellow-billed Kites, two juveniles were noted on the Boteti.

Namibia. Common and widespread. At Etosha, particularly at the Namutoni end, up to ten were seen daily. Elsewhere, singles or pairs were seen across much of the country, including at Windhoek International Airport, Windhoek sewage farm, Avis Dam, Sossusvlei, the Orange River, Mahango and Katima Mamila.

South Africa. In South Africa, Black-shouldered Kites were most abundant in the Western Cape - up to 15 were noted at both Eland's Bay and Lambert's Bay, while smaller numbers were also seen at Veldriff, the West Coast N.P. and along the Doring River. Elsewhere in the country, three were recorded at both Kruger and Malalotja (Swaziland), two at Wakkerstroom and Addo, plus singles at Augrabies and Sani Pass.

Mozambique. Several birds were seen in the south of Mozambique and one at Gorongosa Mountain.

Namibia. A scarce visitor to Namibia, the record of a single at Rundu was noteworthy.

Namibia. Tied to its riverine habitat, all records were from the far north of Namibia - two adults and an immature at Ruacana Falls, an adult on the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila, another at the Kwando River at Kongola and, finally, two adults on the Okavango River at Ngepi and eight at Mahango.

South Africa. In Cape Province, the only birds seen were a single adult at Eland's Bay and a pair with juvenile on Clanwilliam Dam. In the east, they were rather more common and a total of nine were noted in Kruger, six at St Lucia, four at Cape Vidal and two at Bonamanzi.

South Africa. The lion's share of South African birds were in Kruger - one or two birds seen daily and the records spanned the entire length of the National Park. Additionally, two were noted along the road between St Lucia and Cape Vidal.

Botswana. A scattering of birds was seen across the length of the country, with singles in the Nossob Valley and near Nata, a total of five in Moremi, three along the Boro and two en route from Ngami to Shakawe.

Namibia. A total of nine birds were seen - three in the Ngepi area, two near Okaukuejo at Etosha and singles at Solitaire, near Rundu, at Bagani and in Daan Viljoen N.P.

South Africa. From opposite sides of the country, the two records were of singles near the Doring River and in the north of Kruger National Park.

Botswana. Moderately common and widespread. A total of seven were seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (five in the Nossob Valley, singles in the duneveld and at Mabuasehube) and 14 in the Okavango Delta (five in Moremi, three along the Boro, two at Guma and singles on the Thamalakane and near Shakawe). Away from these two localities, the only records were single birds at Phakalane and Tali Pan.

Mozambique. Recorded in two areas - one on Benguera Island and two in the Rio Savane grasslands.

Botswana. One of the highlights of the Okavango Delta, a single adult Western Banded Snake Eagle was seen on the forest edge at Shakawe. This is the most reliable site in the country for this rare and localised species and the bird was seen in both the morning and afternoon, having barely moved trees.

Namibia. Seen both at Etosha and in the Caprivi. At Etosha, the only sightings consisted of singles at Okerfontain and on Eland Drive, whilst the Caprivi birds included one 45 km east of Rundu, one at Katima Mamila, five together 20 km south of the town, a single at the Kwando River and, finally, up to six daily in the Ngepi area and three at Mahango.

South Africa. In addition to birds seen in the Southern African portion of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a total of 28 were noted in Kruger, as well as four at Mkuzi and two at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. The greatest concentrations of Bateleurs occurred in the Okavango area - here, a total of 61 were noted in Moremi, 17 along the Boro, five towards Shakawe and one over Maun. Away from the Delta, other than a single over Bokaa Dam, all other birds were in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and included 14 in the Nossob Valley, seven in the duneveld and five at Mabuasehube.

Mozambique. Three over the grasslands at Rio Savane were the only birds in Mozambique.

Namibia. Possibly overlooked to a certain extent, the only birds noted were four about 20 km south of Katima Mamila and singles in Mahango and near Okaukuejo in Etosha.

South Africa. Including one pale-form bird, a total of five were seen in Kruger (two in the north, one in the centre, a pair in the south). Other than these, the only birds recorded were three at Mkuzi.

Mozambique. A single bird just south of Inchope was the sole record in Mozambique.

Namibia. As is typical for this European migrant, the only records were in the eastern Caprivi. One bird was seen at Bagani and two at Katima Mamila.

Botswana. Most in a single flock along the Kwai River, a total of ten were noted in Moremi, while a single was also seen over the Boteti River.

Namibia. The scattering of records comprised of two en route to Sossusvlei, one at Kalkheuwel in Etosha and two near Otjiwarongo.

South Africa. As well as a number of birds in the South African part of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, at least eight birds were seen scattered across Kruger National Park, as well as two at Mkuzi and a single in the lower parts of Sani Pass.

Botswana. Fairly common in the major conservation areas - in Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, nine were noted in the Nossob Valley and two at Mabuasehube, while in the Okavango Delta, 17 were counted across Moremi, two on the Boro and a total of 11 along the road between Ngami and Shakawe. Away from these areas, the only record was a single near Francestown.

Namibia. This Eurasian migrant was only seen in late November at Katima Mamila (two birds) and in mid-December at Avis Dam (one bird).

South Africa. One positive identification only - a single bird in the north of Kruger.

Botswana. One bird was noted in Moremi, possibly others were overlooked as 'dark Tawny Eagles'.

Namibia. Widely dispersed, the few records consisted of a pair in the Karasburg Mountains, two immatures at Daan Viljoen and singles at Etosha and Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. In addition to birds on the South African side of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, singles were also logged in Kruger, Mkuzi and at Cape Vidal.

Botswana. Seven birds were noted - three in the Nossob Valley, singles at Mabuasehube and in Moremi and a pair along the road between Ngami and Shakawe.

South Africa. Another of the top birds of the trip, a pair of these powerful raptors gave excellent views at Bonamanzi.

Namibia. Only recorded at the Orange River, a pair circling above the border with South Africa.

South Africa. Fairly common, especially in Cape Province. Pairs were seen on Table Mountain, Clanwilliam Dam, Pakhuis Pass, the Doring River, Augrabies and the Karoo National Park (two pairs), singles were also noted at Sir Lowry's Pass, Hermanus, Eierkop, Bain's Kloof and Sani Pass.

Botswana. In the south-east of the country, a pair were seen at Otse and a pair and immature at Kgoro Pan.

South Africa. Common in Kwazulu-Natal. Birds were seen at St Lucia, Cape Vidal (four birds), Bonamanzi, Raffia Palms (two birds), Eshowe and at the bottom of Sani Pass.

Botswana. Considered rare in the Okavango Delta, it was perhaps surprising that four birds were seen in the area - two along the Maunachira River, one on Mboma Island and another in riverine woodland near Guma.

South Africa. Unusually far south, a single bird gave excellent views just outside Underburg in the foothills of the Drakensburg Mountains (near Sani Pass).

Mozambique. At Gorongosa Mountain, a sub-adult and a juvenile were seen on subsequent days.

Namibia. A pair and nest was found near Halali Camp in Etosha. Additionally, one was seen 20 km south of Katima Mamila and two at Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Two pairs were noted, both in Kruger - one pair in the extreme north, the other in the south.

Botswana. Though only seen in Moremi, they were reasonably common there, with a total of five recorded.

South Africa. All in the Western Cape, total records consisted of three together at Bain's Kloof, two near the Doring River and singles at Pakhuis Pass and Eland's Bay.

Namibia. The only two sightings were singles near Ondangwa and at Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Reasonably common in the west, decidedly less so in the east. The bulk of birds were seen in Cape Province - a pair and immature at Pakhuis Pass, four at the Doring River, three in the Karoo National Park, pairs at Springbok, Calvinia, Addo and Swartberg Pass, plus singles at Eland's Bay and Brandvlei. In the east, the only record was of two pairs and an immature at Malalotja (Swaziland). Beware of Jackal Buzzards in the Springbok area - it is seemingly common, as was the case in both birds that I saw, that they show white throats and breasts, thus appearing similar to Augur Buzzards.

South Africa. A very localised species in the Cape, the one record was of a single at Grootvadersbosch, a reliable locality for Forest Buzzards

Namibia. Common in the northern parts of Namibia. Singles or pairs were recorded in Etosha, Otjiwarongo, Ondangwa, Grootfontain, Bagani, Katima Mamila, Popa Falls and Mahango, while up to four daily were at Rundu and six daily at Ngepi. In addition, away from the north, a single was seen at Windhoek sewage farm.

South Africa. In Cape Province, Steppe Buzzards were most common in the farmland areas of the Overburg and across the West Coast - at least seven were seen in the former area, while up to five were at Lambert's Bay, Eland's Bay, Clanwilliam and in the West Coast N.P. In other areas, six were noted at Addo and singles or pairs on Table Mountain, Sir Lowry's Pass, Pakhuis Pass, Bain's Kloof, De Hoop and the Karoo National Park. Less frequent in the east, total records involved one at Milwane (Swaziland), three at Wakkerstroom, two at Mkuzi, seven in the St Lucia to Cape Vidal area and three at Sani Pass.

Botswana. Common and widespread. As well as one in Mabuasehube and several in the Gaborone area, good numbers were seen in the north - one near Nata, three along the Thamalakane, nine in Moremi, five on the Boro, four between Ngami and Shakawe and three at Tali Pan.

South Africa. A vagrant to South Africa, a single bird considered to be a Long-legged Buzzard had spent several weeks in the Wakkerstroom area and was relocated on the day of my visit. Though not seen very well, the large size, combined with longer wings, pale head and rufous tail augured well for the species.

Lizard Buzzard

Namibia. A pair of these attractive birds were seen in mopane woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

Namibia. Three records: a pair in Namutoni Camp at Etosha, one 45 km east of Rundu and another 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

Namibia. As well as normal colour-phase individuals at Otjiwarongo and Katima Mamila, a melanistic bird was seen at Windhoek sewage farm.

Botswana. A total of eight birds were found across the country - pairs at Mabuasehube and Shakawe, plus singles in the Nossob Valley, at Kweta and along the Boteti and Boro.

South Africa. Two single birds were noted in Kruger, one in the centre and another in the far south.

Botswana. All in the north, singles were seen at Nata, in the Moshu wetlands, in Moremi and at Shakawe.

Botswana. The Maun area provided the only sightings of Little Sparrowhawk in Botswana on this trip - one along the Thamalakane River near Sitatunga and a pair in the campsite at Island Safari.

South Africa. A single in the Constantia greenbelts of Cape Town was the only sighting in Cape Province, while individuals at Cape Vidal, Bonamanzi and Raffia Palms were the records in the east.

South Africa. A male was seen in the botanical gardens at Kirstenbosch, while three were also noted at Malalotja (Swaziland).

Namibia. Very common at Etosha, where up to 20 were seen daily at the Okaukuejo end of the park, declining eastward to about ten daily around Namutoni. Away from Etosha, other than about eight in the Sossusvlei area, records were generally of singles or pair and these included birds at Keetmanshoop, Aus, Karasburg and Karibib.

South Africa. A bird of arid country, a total of eleven were seen driving through Bushmanland (Calvinia to Uppington), eight around the Doring River, pairs at Eierkop and Lambert's Bay, plus singles at Springbok, Augrabies, Addo and the Karoo National Park. Considerable numbers were also seen in the South African half of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

Botswana. Though singles were also seen on the Boteti, near Ngami and at Tali Pan, it was in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park that the greatest number of Pale Chanting Goshawks were seen - 48 were counted in the Nossob Valley, 24 in the duneveld and 19 at Mabuasehube.

Namibia. Another species largely restricted to the Caprivi Strip, the two records being a single at Rundu and a pair about 45 km east of Rundu.

Botswana. Driving along the road between Ngami and Shakawe, single birds were seen in both directions (though at different localities, thus probably different birds).

Namibia. A single at Katima Mamila sewage farm and two in Mahango were the only records in Namibia.

South Africa. Two were seen in agricultural areas adjacent to the river at Eland's Bay, while a single was also seen quartering over the saltmarsh at Veldriff.

Botswana. Seen throughout the Okavango Delta, but most common in the Pan Handle (six were seen in Moremi and one along the Boro against 12 at Shakawe, three at Sepupa and one at Makwena).

Mozambique. In riverine areas, one was seen alongside the Limpopo and four at Rio Savane.

South Africa. After a distant sighting near Springbok, two Black Harriers gave fabulous views as they quartered the fynbos at Bontebok National Park. Later, immatures were also seen Eland's Bay, Pakhuis Pass and in Karoo National Park.

Namibia. Two positive identifications only - a sub-adult male at Ngami and a female at Tali Pan. A distant bird at Nata (Makgadikgadi Pans) was also probably of this species.

Namibia. Both in Caprivi, an immature was seen north of Katima Mamila and a male at the Kwando River.

Botswana. With males outnumbering females, a total of 19 Montagu's Harriers were seen throughout the country - three females at Mabuasehube, six males and a female in the Nata area, three females in Moremi and five males and a female at Ngami.

Namibia. The highlight of a roadside stop 45 km east of Rundu, a single Harrier-Hawk was seen flying over.

Botswana. A good series of records, with individuals seen on nine occasions - at Ngotwane Dam, Nata, the Boteti River and the Thamalakane River (birds seen twice at both), the Boro, Shakawe and Guma.

Namibia. An unexpected addition to the list of raptors in Namibia, one was seen at Avis Dam in December.

Mozambique. Both in coastal waters, one was seen off Benguera Island and another at Rio Savane.

Namibia. This raptor is not only rare, but also largely crepuscular or nocturnal, thus is often missed. My first record was from the campsite at Katima Mamila, a single bird hunting in the twilight over the River Zambezi. This was then followed by excellent views of an early morning bird near the Okavango at Ngepi.

Namibia. Single birds were recorded on four occasions - an immature at Solitaire, adults twice near Okaukuejo in Etosha and an adult in the Caprivi Game Park.

South Africa. Other than in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (where common), the only birds were singles near the Doring River and at Sani Pass.

Botswana. Impressive numbers in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (29 in the Nossob Valley, three in the duneveld and a single at Mabuasehube). Elsewhere, one was noted at Phakalane, four near Nata, two on the Boteti River and singles at Ngami and Tali Pan.

Namibia. In addition to birds at Rietfontain in Etosha, Ruacana Falls and Katima Mamila, an adult of the migratory Siberian race was seen at Swakopmund sewage farm.

South Africa. On the Cape Peninsula, pairs were seen at the Cape of Good Hope on all visits and on the cliffs above Simon's Town twice. Additionally, two were seen at Pakhuis Pass and a single at Augrabies.

Botswana. With Peregrine considered rare in Botswana, the sighting of one at Bokaa Dam was noteworthy.

Namibia. A typical record, my only sighting was an adult at Springbokfontain in Etosha.

Botswana. After unsatisfactory views of one in the Nossob Valley, better views were then obtained of singles at Mabuasehube and Ngami, followed by a pair at Shakawe.

Namibia. All records were in the Caprivi Strip, with a single at Rundu, another at Katima Mamila, a pair about 20 km south of Katima Mamila and singles on two days at Ngepi.

South Africa. The four birds seen in Kruger (scattered from north to south) represented the entirety of records in South Africa.

Botswana. Two were noted, both in the Okavango area - one along the Boteti and another in Moremi.

Namibia. A good scattering of records across the country for this tiny falcon - in the south, a female near Keetmanshoop; in the west, a male near Sossusvlei; at Etosha, a female at Okaukuejo; and in the north, a male near Otjiwarongo.

Botswana. A total of four birds were seen in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park).

South Africa. Common in eastern parts of the country. Heading the list of localities, at least 200 Amur Falcons were seen throughout the Wakkerstroom region, with flocks congregating on almost every electricity line in the area. Elsewhere, about 50 were noted in the Drakensburg foothills between Sani Pass and Underburg, almost 40 in the north of Kruger and, in Swaziland, three at Malalotja and four at Milwane.

Botswana. After a single at Kgoro Pan, five were also found in the Okavango Delta (three on the Boteti and two along the Boro).

Mozambique. Hawking at a termite emergence, a flock of about 15 were encountered in Gorongosa Town.

Namibia. An influx saw a single arrive at Ngepi on 4th December, followed by 28 together the next day, roosting on sandbanks in the river. By the afternoon, however, most had moved on and only a single remained until the third day.

Botswana. At the heart of the Okavango, a flock of 19 Red-footed Falcons were seen in Moremi and four along the Boro. A single was also noted at Shakawe.

Namibia. Very much a northern speciality, the two records were at Rundu and near the Kwando River.

Botswana. Almost missed, the single Dickinson's Kestrel in Botswana was sitting inconspicuously at the top of a palm tree along the Boro.

Mozambique. In central Mozambique, a single bird was seen just south of Inchope.

Namibia. Widespread in hilly terrain, with singles throughout the Naukluft Mountains, at the Orange River, Spitskoppe, Aus, Daan Viljoen and regularly at Avis Dam.

South Africa. The most commonly seen raptor in Cape Province - about 10 were seen in the Eland's Bay area, up to five daily at Lambert's Bay, Clanwilliam and Pakhuis Pass and singles or pairs at almost every other locality visited, including the Cape of Good Hope, Table Mountain, Sir Lowry's Pass, De Hoop, Bontebok N.P., Eierkop and Springbok. Eastward, birds were seen at both Karoo N.P. and Addo, but not further east. None were seen in either Kruger or Kwazulu-Natal.

Botswana. All in the south, ten were noted in Mabuasehube and singles at Kgoro Pan and Kgale Hill.

Namibia. Fairly common at Etosha, where four to five were seen daily in the central and eastern parts, while and up to ten per day could be found around Okaukuejo. Elsewhere, about four were in the Sossusvlei area and a pair near Keetmanshoop.

South Africa. Other than in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, only two single birds noted - both in the Karoo, the first was on the hill at Eierkop and the second near the Doring River.

Botswana. With a total of 20 recorded (11 in the Nossob Valley, one in the duneveld and eight at Mabuasehube), the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park was the best locality in Botswana for this species. Elsewhere, eight were encountered in the Nata area and a single in Moremi.

South Africa. Amongst the many Amur Falcons at Wakkerstroom, two Lesser Kestrels were also located.

Namibia. Recorded three times on my travels through Namibia: four birds on the hillock at Halali Camp (Etosha), two at Rundu and two in Mahango.

South Africa. In the east, small numbers were seen daily at Kruger (generally one or two pairs a day, but more common in the northern half of the national park). Additionally, 12 were seen at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Three pairs were seen, all in the north - in the grasslands of the Makgadikgadi Pan at Nata, along the Boro and on the Ngami-Shakawe road.

Namibia. Common at Avis Dam (up to eight per visit), Halali and Namutoni Camps in Etosha (up to 30) and, along the Okavango, at both Ngepi (about six) and Mahango (many). Also heard at Daan Viljoen.

Botswana. Abundant throughout the Okavango Delta, with many birds seen daily. Away from the Okavango, the only three seen were in Mabuasehube.

South Africa. This francolin was commonly recorded in the southern half of Cape Province, with a single at Katbakkies, a pair at Kransvlei Poort and flocks of up to 20 widely in the south, including at Clanwilliam, Pakhuis Pass, Lambert's Bay, the West Coast N.P., Kirstenbosch and De Hoop.

South Africa. With up to 30 or more per day, this was the most abundant francolin throughout Kruger National Park. It was not, however, seen elsewhere.

Botswana. Two records only - a single at Lobatse and four in the Marang campsite in Francestown.

Namibia. Supposedly possible at Avis Dam, but my only record was a single on the edge of agricultural scrub not far from Popa Falls.

South Africa. The highlight of my visit to the West Coast National Park, a pair were seen by the roadside on the approach to Seeburg lookout.

South Africa. At the very bottom end of Sani Pass, a covey of five Red-winged Francolins were encountered just off the road, feeding in short grass on the boulder strewn hillside.

South Africa. As with Natal Francolin, this bird was seen only in Kruger National Park. Within the reserve, however, it was seen on just three occasions - a pair in the north, a pair in the south and a group of six also in the south.

Mozambique. The only francolin on my trip to Mozambique, a pair was seen near Tofo Beach.

South Africa. A typical record, a single male was flushed from the roadside in the north of Kruger.

South Africa. The only records were several calling and one flushed at Wakkerstroom, two calling and one flushed at Malalotja (Swaziland) and a single calling in the farmland loops of the Overburg.

Botswana. Along the Boro, having been surprised by our land rover, one of these normally elusive birds briefly froze on the track, giving very close views, before then scurrying off into the long grass. Nearby another was flushed, giving typical flight views.

South Africa. Not recorded in South Africa itself, but in Swaziland - a single bird was flushed on the hillside between the cabins and campsite at Malalotja.

Namibia. Although common at Avis Dam and Daan Viljoen (up to nine and 35 respectively), it is at Etosha that the species is truly abundant. Occurring throughout the park, the largest single flocks were of about 250 at Olifantsbad, 80 at Rietfontain and at least 120 Kalkheuwel.

South Africa. In Cape Province, several were seen at Kirstenbosch, plus four at Addo and flocks of about 25 at both at Cape Point and in the Overburg farmland. In the east, a mere four birds were recorded in the whole of Kruger, while elsewhere five were at Wakkerstroom and eight at Milwane (Swaziland).

South Africa. All in Kwazulu-Natal, total sightings consisted of seven at Mkuzi, five on two occasions at Cape Vidal and 12 at Bonamanzi (a flock of five and a flock of seven).

Botswana. Only recorded in the Okavango Delta, where three were seen in Moremi (including one running around the campsite at Xakanaxa) and further birds were heard calling at Shakawe.

Botswana. This species is almost unknown in Botswana, though the few previous sightings probably belie its true status, reflecting rather more its secretive nature. On this trip, however, not only was one flushed from the grasslands at Makwena, but also what was undoubtedly a second bird was heard calling nearby. It is interesting to note that although there are less than ten previous records in Botswana, one was at exactly the same spot some years earlier, suggesting this may indeed be a regular site for this migrant.

Botswana. A vagrant to Botswana, the finding of a single at Xobe on the Boteti River caused something of a twitch amongst Maun birders (fortunately, though not always obliging, the bird remained faithful to its patch of marsh for at least a week). Quite expectedly, a second bird was then found on a small roadside pool near the entrance to Moremi.

Botswana. One record only, a single seen along the Boro (without doubt many more went unseen throughout the Okavango).

Namibia. After two at Namutoni Camp in Etosha, the rest were in Caprivi: two daily at Rundu, three at Katima Mamila sewage farm and up to four per day at Ngepi.

South Africa. Only a few birds were seen in South Africa - up to five daily on a small marsh at Pakhuis Pass, one in the north of Kruger National Park and two at Addo.

Botswana. Moderately common in both the Gaborone area and Okavango Delta. Best numbers in Gaborone were 12 at Ngotwane Dam, four at Phakalane and three at Tsholofelo, while counts in the Delta included 12 along the Boteti, ten at Guma, eight at Shakawe and two along the Maunachira (Moremi).

Namibia. The best place for this bird was Windhoek sewage farm, where up to ten were seen on each visit. The only other record was a single at the mouth of the Swakop River.

Botswana. Rather unexpectedly, a total of ten were seen in the Gaborone area (eight at Ngotwane and two at Phakalane) against just a single in the Okavango Delta (in Moremi).

Botswana. On the outer edges of the Okavango Delta, a total of four Allen's Gallinules were logged along the Boteti River and six on a quiet backwater at Shakawe.

Namibia. Fairly commonly seen at all the sewage farms - up to 35 at Windhoek, 20 at Rundu and 15 at Katima Mamila. In addition, a single was seen at Namutoni in Etosha, 12 at Daan Viljoen and ten at the mouth of the Swakop River.

South Africa. About ten were at Paarl, two at Lambert's Bat and singles at Eland's Bay and Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Although not abundant in the Okavango Delta (just four birds recorded along the Boteti, six at Shakawe and one at Guma), many were seen in the Gaborone area. With 85 birds, the top site was Phakalane, though smaller numbers also recorded at nearby Tsholofelo (19 birds) and Ngotwane (five).

Namibia. An adult was at Rundu sewage farm, one of the best localities for the species in Namibia.

Botswana. Very much a speciality of the Maun area, seen only along the Boteti (17 birds), the Thamalakane (three) and in the Moshu wetlands (one).

Namibia. Most abundant at Windhoek sewage farm, where over 150 were present. Elsewhere, about 25 were at Daan Viljoen, 15 at the Swakop River and a couple at Avis Dam and Katima Mamila sewage farm.

South Africa. The greatest concentrations were at De Hoop and Ceres, both sites supporting several hundred birds. Smaller counts included 40 at Lambert's Bay and Paarl, 30 at Clanwilliam and ten at Eland's Bay.

Botswana. Particularly common on the wetlands in the Gaborone area - counts included 690 on Bokaa Dam, 145 at Phakalane, 63 at Tsholofelo and 25 at Mogobane. In the Okavango Delta, the only birds seen were 126 along the Boteti River and 13 in the Moshu wetlands.

South Africa. Typical for the species, recorded by voice only - one to two birds calling daily on a small marsh at Pakhuis Pass.

South Africa. Displaying and apparently roosting, five birds were seen near the hides on the marsh at Wakkerstroom (a reliable site for the species).

Namibia. At the easiest locality for the species in Namibia, a pair and immature were seen in the riverine swamps at Mahango.

Botswana. In addition to about 60 counted during an aerial survey of the Okavango Delta, a total of 52 were also noted whilst travelling around the Delta. Of these latter birds, two pairs were along the Boteti, ten were in Moremi (two pairs, plus two pairs with juveniles) and 38 along the Boro (a flock of 27 at Nxaraga Ledibe, then scattered birds elsewhere).

Mozambique. Supporting a significant population, the flooded grasslands south of Rio Savane are probably one of the most important sites for this species in Mozambique. From the access track across the grasslands, a total of fifteen birds were seen (six on one day, nine the next).

Namibia. Though essentially endemic to South Africa, a small isolated population survives at Etosha. The best place to see the birds is on the Andoni Plains - 11 were around the waterhole at the northern edge of the plain on my visit, with an additional five birds at the waterhole at Namutoni Camp.

South Africa. With the population expanding, Blue Cranes are becoming ever easier to see, particularly in the Overburg agricultural areas. On the gravel roads from Bredasdorp to De Hoop, thereafter north to Malgas and onward towards Swellendam, a total of 138 Blue Cranes were counted, including one flock of 46.

Elsewhere, they were decidedly scarcer - in the west, the only birds were seven south of Citrusdal, two near Eland's Bay and one near Calvinia, while eastward, there were just two at Addo and five in the Wakkerstroom area.

Namibia. Very common at Etosha - recorded throughout the national park, up to 15 birds were seen daily.

Botswana. With 32 seen in the Nossob Valley, four in the duneveld and 18 at Mabuasehube, the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park was easily the best site in the country for this impressive bird. Elsewhere, the only record was of five on the pan at Ngami.

South Africa. A speciality of the Overburg. With the males displaying, their white throats puffed out, these were surprisingly easy to find - four in farmland areas, a single in the fynbos of De Hoop and another in Bontebok National Park. Further east, a loose flock of 11 birds were also noted in a grassy meadow at Addo.

Namibia. At least nine were seen both days at Sossusvlei and an additional bird was seen from the road not far from the South African border at Nadok.

South Africa. As well as one in Namibia, a single was also seen on the South African side of the border at Nadok. Further records involved one just north of Springbok and three in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Botswana. Rare in Botswana, only possible in western parts of the Kalahari. Three birds were seen along the border in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) - a pair and a single - and all three were seen in both South Africa and Botswana.

Botswana. Preferring extensive grasslands, three Black-bellied Bustards were seen in the Okavango Delta - a male in Moremi (Mboma Island) and females along the Boro and at Makwena.

Namibia. The Sossusvlei area was best for this species - not only were a minimum of seven seen between the camp and dunes, but also six on the road towards Solitaire. Further south, there was a female near Aus.

Namibia. Only occurring in the south of Namibia, the sole record was of calling birds at Grunau.

South Africa. After excellent views of three at Eierkop, a further bird was seen at Brandvlei.

South Africa. A Wakkerstroom speciality, six Blue Korhaans were noted in the agricultural areas to the north of town (the birds were active and calling at dusk, thus easy to find).

Namibia. Only recorded at Etosha. In the western areas, around Okaukuejo, the bird was scarce, with just scattered singles and a pair at Homob. Around Halali and Namutoni, however, about ten were seen daily.

South Africa. Sightings were confined to Kruger National Park, though were widespread there - five birds scattered around northern and central parts of the reserve and one in the south.

Botswana. Two records, both in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park - one in the duneveld and a second at Mabuasehube.

Namibia. Abundant at Etosha. In the Okaukuejo area, about 25 were seen each day, whereas only about six were recorded per day near Halali and ten a day around Namutoni.

Botswana. Though only one was noted in the Nossob Valley, good numbers were found across the remainder of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, including three in the duneveld and 16 at Mabuasehube. Elsewhere, two were noted at Kgoro Pan and at least eight in the Nata section of the Makgadikgadi Pans.

South Africa. Recorded in seven areas, with males making up the majority of birds seen. In total, three were noted near Lambert's Bay, two at Veldriff, another two just over Pakhuis Pass and singles in the West Coast N.P., in farmland north of Malgas (in the Overburg), in Bontebok N.P. and at Addo.

Namibia. All records were in the Caprivi: at least 25 at Rundu sewage farm, four at Katima Mamila sewage farm, two by the Kwando River at Kongola and finally, along the Okavango, up to eight daily at Ngepi and many in Mahango.

South Africa. Occurring only in the east, the few birds recorded were lone individuals in Kruger and Mkuzi and a pair at St Lucia.

Botswana. Abundant throughout the Okavango Delta, with many seen on virtually every river and pan. The greatest numbers, however, were recorded in the Maun area - a total of 695 along the Boteti, 479 along the Thamalakane and 133 in the Moshu wetlands.

Botswana. Another Okavango speciality, a total of 370 Lesser Jacanas were recorded in the area. Of these, however, an impressive 279 were at a single locality - the Moshu wetlands - and another 52 were on the Thamalakane and 30 on the Boteti. Thus, away from the Maun area, only nine birds were seen in the delta proper (one in Moremi, eight at Shakawe).

Namibia. The sewage farms at Windhoek, Rundu and Katima Mamila each held single birds, while a further two at Katima Mamila were found alongside the Zambezi.

Botswana. With all birds in the Okavango area, total records consisted of six along the Boteti, 18 on the Thamalakane and singles in the Moshu wetlands and at Makwena.

South Africa. Within South Africa, this bird was only noted at Pakhuis Pass, where a single was seen several times on a small marsh.

Botswana. The Okavango Delta supported all birds seen - five along the Boteti, three on the Thamalakane, a single in the Moshu wetlands, two along the Boro and a last at Shakawe.

Mozambique. One of the specials of Mozambique, the mudflats adjacent to Barra held good numbers of this bird - in one small area, at least 26 were counted. None, however, were noted on Benguera Island (another site where Crab Plovers are regular).

Namibia. Common on the coast. In the Walvis Bay area, four were seen at the guano platform north of town, while an impressive 75 were counted at the oyster farm in the bay itself. At Luderitz, a minimum of 35 were noted at Diaz Point, with a further eight in the 2nd Lagoon.

South Africa. As well as up to six at Simon's Town and eight at Kommetjie, both on the Cape Peninsula, four were seen at Lambert's Bay and two at De Hoop.

Namibia. A minimum of 50 were estimated at Walvis Bay in both October and December, an additional 20 also seen at the mouth of the Swakop River. At Luderitz, five were at Diaz Point, about 20 in the 2nd Lagoon and one in Radford Bay.

South Africa. Just a handful recorded - in Cape Province, a single was seen at Kommetjie, up to ten at Lambert's Bay and 35 at Veldriff, whilst in the east, the only birds were two at St Lucia.

Botswana. Considering Botswana is land-locked, the number of Ringed Plovers seen was good. With 34 birds, Bokaa Dam was the top locality, though 28 were also noted on the Boteti River and one at Mogobane.

Mozambique. Moderately common along the coast: the inter-tidal areas at Inhambane supported at least 15, while about 20 were at nearby Barra. Further north, at least 35 were counted on Benguera Island.

Namibia. Up to 25 were seen at Avis Dam in October, but otherwise all records were of singles or groups up to six - these included at Avis Dam in December, Daan Viljoen, Luderitz, the Swakop River and the sewage farms at Windhoek, Rundu and Katima Mamila.

South Africa. The only records in South Africa were six at both Clanwilliam and Paarl, pairs in Kruger and Bonamanzi and singles at Lambert's Bay, De Hoop and Addo.

Botswana. Most impressive numbers were along the Boteti, where a total of 51 were counted in the 42 km of the river's length. Elsewhere in the Okavango, occasional pairs were noted throughout Moremi, as well as along the Thamalakane and at Maun sewage pools. In the south of the country, good numbers were also found in the Gaborone area, including ten at Mogobane, six at Ngotwane, four at Phakalane and pairs at Tsholofelo and Molopo.

Mozambique. The only two seen were on a small wetland on the edge of Inhambane.

Botswana. In addition to two on the Boteti and three at Mqweshlana (Moremi), flocks totalling at least 150 were seen across the pan at Ngami.

Namibia. On the coast, several birds (up to ten) were seen on the saltpans of Walvis Bay and at Diaz Point, Luderitz. The only inland records were about six per visit to Avis Dam.

South Africa. Rather common in Cape Province, with up to 30 at Lambert's Bay (including two nests on Bird Island), at least 35 at Veldriff, ten at Paarl and small numbers at De Hoop, Katbakkies and Clanwilliam.

Botswana. Though generally common, Kittlitz's Plovers had a patchy distribution - for example, though 107 were seen at Bokaa Dam, the only other birds in the Gaborone area were seven at Mogobane. Likewise, in the Okavango, though 166 were seen along the Boteti and 25 along the Thamalakane, they were only common on one pan in Moremi (Mqweshlana), only occasional birds elsewhere and none in the Pan Handle.

Mozambique. On the inter-tidal areas, ten were seen at Barra and one on Benguera Island.

Namibia. The saltpans at Walvis Bay are a favoured locality for Chestnut-banded Plovers - more than 140 were seen on both visits, mostly adults. The saltpans at Swakopmund also held six birds.

South Africa. Five birds were seen on the saltpans at Veldriff (second visit only).

Botswana. An unexpected sight, a total of 21 Chestnut-banded Plovers were counted on the lower reaches of the Boteti River. It is probably no coincidence that their appearance on the river occurred at a time when the Makgadikgadi Pans (usually home to large numbers of Chestnut-banded Plovers) were totally dry due to the prolonged drought.

Namibia. Widespread on the coast. Although ten, including a nest, were seen at Cape Cross and over 40 at both the Swakopmund saltpans and Luderitz (most in 2nd Lagoon), it was at Walvis Bay that White-fronted Plovers were especially common, the saltpans supporting several hundred birds. Inland, the only record was a pair on the Okavango River at Ngepi.

South Africa. Relatively uncommon - the only birds on the West Coast were forty at Lambert's Bay and eight at Veldriff, while six at St Lucia were the sum total for the eastern seaboard.

Botswana. Three records, all in the Okavango region - 20 on the Boteti River (probably displaced from the Makgadikgadi Pans), four at Maun sewage pools and two on Mqweshlana Pan in Moremi.

Mozambique. Fairly common in coastal areas. Counts included eight at Inhambane, about 15 at both Barra and on Benguera Island and a single at Rio Savane.

Mozambique. Including several in summer plumage, a total of 18 were seen at Inhambane and ten at Barra, with a further single at Rio Savane.

Mozambique. Less frequent than Greater Sand Plover, eight were noted at Barra and two on Benguera Island (at Barra, the two species occurred alongside each other).

Namibia. Many hundreds of Grey Plover were seen at Walvis Bay in both October and December, with smaller totals of 30 at Luderitz and 13 at Swakopmund also being noted.

Botswana. Three birds were noted - singles at Nata, on the Boteti and at Shakawe.

Mozambique. Fairly common on the inter-tidal areas, with five at Inhambane, at least ten at Barra and a minimum of 25 on Benguera Island.

Mozambique. Favouring an area of short dry grassland, a pair of Senegal Lapwings were found fairly quickly at Rio Savane.

Namibia. At Etosha, the abundance of birds declined eastwards from over 20 daily in the Okaukuejo area to about five a day around Namutoni. Elsewhere, six birds were also recorded on the golf course at Rundu and four at Mahango.

South Africa. The scattering of birds included one at Veldriff, six on the vlei at De Hoop, four in central Kruger, five at Wakkerstroom, eight at Mkuzi and three at Addo.

Botswana. Other than four at Kgoro Pan, all sightings were in the Okavango region. Favouring drier areas, scattered birds were found throughout Moremi and along the Boro, three along the Boteti and seven on the Thamalakane and, in the Pan Handle, seven on the way to Shakawe and 16 at Makwena.

Namibia. Restricted to the northern rivers, the sightings were of up to ten daily at Ngepi and four at both Bagani and Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Other than four at Wakkerstroom, the only record in South Africa was of four birds at Johannesburg airport, seen from the plane whilst landing!

Botswana. A total of 12 birds were seen, all in the Okavango Delta - one along the river to Xhobega (Moremi), nine at Shakawe and two at Makwena.

Namibia. A Caprivi speciality, the sole record was a pair on the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. With its South African range largely restricted to several of the major rivers in Kruger National Park, the one sighting was of a pair on the Limpopo River in the far north of the reserve.

Namibia. Another bird of the Caprivi rivers, pairs were seen on the Zambezi at Katima Mamila and the Okavango near Ngepi and at Mahango (two pairs).

Botswana. With 51 birds seen, Long-toed Lapwings were relatively common on well-vegetated river margins within in the Okavango Delta. The best numbers were logged in the Shakawe area (17 birds) and along the Boteti (14), but seven were also seen along the Maunachira, six along the Boro, four at Guma and three on the river towards Xhobega.

Namibia. Abundant at most sources of fresh water. In addition to being very common at Etosha, up to 50 were seen at both Avis Dam and Windhoek sewage farm, as well as up to 55 daily at Ngepi and smaller numbers (generally less than ten) at Rundu, Kongola, Daan Viljoen and the mouth of the Swakop River.

South Africa. As well as about 95 scattered through Kruger National Park and six at Wakkerstroom, small numbers were also seen across Cape Province (ten each at Clanwilliam, Veldriff and Paarl, plus pairs at Pakhuis Pass and Lambert's Bay).

Botswana. Common around Gaborone and exceptionally abundant in the Okavango Delta. Gaborone totals included 77 at Tsholofelo, 50 at Molopo and 34 at Bokaa Dam, while smaller numbers were also noted at most other wetlands. In the Okavango, in addition to being to numerous on the pans and marshes throughout Moremi and along the Boro, large counts were also obtained on the Maun rivers - 1638 on the Boteti and 1204 on the Thamalakane - as well as in the Moshu wetlands (143 birds) and at Shakawe (140 birds).

Namibia. As well as the several thousand Little Stints at Walvis Bay in October and December, about 60 were also seen in the Swakopmund area, up to 12 per visit to Avis Dam and a single at Namutoni in Etosha.

South Africa. Common in coastal localities throughout Cape Province - several hundred were seen at Veldriff, up to a hundred at De Hoop and about 50 at Lambert's Bay.

Botswana. Another wader common in both the Gaborone region and Okavango Delta - small flocks were seen at wetlands throughout these two areas, though the greatest numbers were 287 at Tsholofelo, 383 at Bokaa Dam and 598 along the Boteti River.

Mozambique. Inter-tidal areas at Barra and on Benguera Island both supported up to about 40 birds.

Namibia. With many thousands seen on both visits, Curlew Sandpipers were the most numerous wader at Walvis Bay. Elsewhere, numbers totalled about 140 at Luderitz and about 60 in the Swakopmund area.

South Africa. The vlei at De Hoop held several hundred birds, while at least 250 were also seen at Veldriff on both visits, up to 80 at Lambert's Bay and 20 at Eland's Bay.

Botswana. With a count of 302, Bokaa Dam was certainly the most productive site for this species in Botswana. Other Gaborone records included approximately 50 at Tsholofelo and singles at Ngotwane and Molopo, whilst in the Okavango, occasional birds were noted on pans in Moremi, along with about 35 on the Boteti and a single on the Thamalakane.

Mozambique. Curlew Sandpipers were common in the inter-tidal areas at both Inhambane and Barra, point counts at each site logging at least 60 birds. Additionally, about 40 were also noted on Benguera Island

Namibia. At Walvis Bay, numbers increased from just 20 in October to reach several thousand in December. About 35 also seen at Cape Cross in this latter month.

South Africa. Only recorded at three sites: a single at Kommetjie, about 65 at Veldriff and 15 at Cape Vidal.

Mozambique. Common at almost all coastal sites visited - about 30 at Inhambane, up to 45 daily at Tofo Beach, a minimum of 30 at Barra and at least 200 on Benguera Island.

Namibia. Coastal records only - several hundred at Walvis Bay in October and December, plus about 20 at Swakopmund saltworks and Cape Cross.

Namibia. One of the most widespread of the northern migrants - the best numbers were up to 80 at Windhoek sewage farm, about 60 at Katima Mamila sewage farm and up to 35 daily at Ngepi, as well as about 40 at both Swakopmund saltpans and Walvis Bay (in December only). Additionally, up to ten birds were also seen at Avis Dam on several visits, at Namutoni and Goas (both in Etosha) and at Rundu.

South Africa. Relatively uncommon, the only sightings were about 60 at Lambert's Bay (second visit only), up to 15 at Veldriff and one at De Hoop.

Botswana. Surely a site of international note, incredible concentrations of Ruff were found in the Okavango Delta. Particularly worth mentioning were the Maun rivers - in massive flocks, a total of 3918 birds were logged along the 42 km of the Boteti, whilst the adjacent Thamalakane supported a further 367 on a similar length of river. Elsewhere in the Delta, 290 were counted at Shakawe, many dozens at pans throughout Moremi and 44 in the Moshu wetlands. Also common in the Gaborone area, the peak counts in that vicinity included 316 at Tsholofelo, 180 at Phakalane and about 45 at both Ngotwane and Bokaa Dams.

Mozambique. Distinctively thin on the ground, just three birds were seen at Inhambane and four on Benguera Island.

Namibia. Recorded in small numbers at almost every watercourse in the country. In central Namibia, up to ten were regularly seen at Windhoek sewage farm, up to eight at Avis Dam and a single at Daan Viljoen. In the north, as well as a couple of singles in Etosha, three were found at Ruacana Falls, eight at Rundu, five at Katima Mamila and about six at Ngepi. Lastly, on the coast, about five were at Walvis Bay on both visits and a single at Swakopmund saltpans.

South Africa. In Cape Province, two were noted at Clanwilliam Dam and singles at Kommetjie, De Hoop and Paarl, while in the east, four were in Kruger and two at both Mkuzi and St Lucia.

Botswana. In the Gaborone area, 17 were logged at Ngotwane, one at Tsholofelo and seven at Bokaa Dam. Further north, a couple were recorded at Nata, while moderate numbers were also seen throughout the Okavango Delta - including a total of 42 along the length of the Boteti and 27 along the Thamalakane.

Mozambique. A scattering of birds along the coast included ten at Barra, three at Inhambane, three on Benguera Island and a pair at Rio Savane.

Namibia. Common at wetlands in central and northern Namibia (increasing in numbers as the season progressed). In the Windhoek area, a maximum of 20 were seen at Windhoek sewage farm and up to eight per visit to Avis Dam. With the exception of three in Etosha, all the northern birds were in Caprivi, with maximums of 35 at Rundu, 20 at Katima Mamila and eight at Ngepi.

South Africa. Very few seen, the only records being four in Kruger and six at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Common throughout the Okavango Delta, especially on the pans and rivers of Moremi and in the Maun area (360 along the Boro, 339 along the Thamalakane and 29 in the Moshu wetlands). Further south, reasonable numbers also occurred in Gaborone and counts included 49 at Tsholofelo, 27 at Molopo, 18 at Bokaa Dam and smaller numbers at Ngotwane, Mogobane and Phakalane.

Mozambique. In the coast, three were seen at Inhambane, 15 on Benguera Island and three at Rio Savane.

Namibia. This uncommon wader was seen on both visits to Walvis Bay - two in October and a single in December, all the birds feeding at the town end of the bay and seen from the Promenade.

Mozambique. A common wader in coastal areas - at least 35 were noted at Inhambane, about 25 at Barra, six on Benguera Island and four on Rio Savane.

Namibia. Numerous at Walvis Bay, with an estimate in the low thousands for December. Additionally, about 120 were at Cape Cross and 13 scattered around Luderitz.

Mozambique. Coastal records included 40 at Inhambane and at least 25 at Barra.

Namibia. A vagrant to southern Africa, a single bird was seen at Swakopmund saltpans.

Namibia. Other than totals up to 45 at Walvis Bay on both visits and six at Swakopmund saltpans, most records were of singles or pairs. Localities included Avis Dam on all visits, Windhoek sewage farm, Etosha, Ruacana Falls, Rundu, Katima Mamila and various points around Luderitz.

South Africa. Best numbers were on the West Coast, where up to 45 were noted at Veldriff on each visit, as well as five at Lambert's Bay. Elsewhere, one was seen at De Hoop and five each at Kruger and St Lucia.

Botswana. Fairly common in the Okavango Delta, where birds were noted on most pans in Moremi and along the Boro, as well as occasionally in the Pan Handle. As with most other waders, however, the best numbers were on the Maun rivers (167 along the Boteti and 15 on the Thamalakane). In Gaborone, other than 21 at Bokaa, all records were of twos or threes, including at Ngotwane, Mogobane, Kgoro Pan and Molopo.

Mozambique. A common wader on the coast - in addition to at least 20 at Inhambane and 30 at Barra, a minimum of 60 were noted on Benguera Island (split between the inter-tidal areas and an inland marsh).

Namibia. After singles at Avis Dam, Etosha and Rundu and a pair at Katima Mamila sewage farm, a December influx brought about 25 to Swakopmund saltpans and at least 20 to Walvis Bay.

South Africa. The only birds recorded were at Veldriff (two on the first visit and a single on the next).

Botswana. In the Okavango, Marsh Sandpipers were fairly common on pans throughout Moremi and also along the Boteti (where 98 were counted), but scarce elsewhere (for example, only one at Shakawe and none elsewhere in the Pan Handle).

Mozambique. Three on a small marsh on Benguera Island were the only birds recorded.

Namibia. Only seen at Walvis Bay, with an estimated 1000 birds present both visits.

Mozambique. Common in the inter-tidal areas, about 25 were noted at Inhambane, at least 50 at Barra and 60 on Benguera Island.

Namibia. At Walvis Bay, at least 20 were seen in October and 15 in December. An additional five birds were also scattered around the Luderitz area.

South Africa. Recorded at three localities only - up to six birds at Veldriff on each visit, another six at St Lucia and a single at Kommetjie.

Mozambique. Very common on the coast. Best numbers were on Benguera Island, where at least 155 fed in the inter-tidal areas, but about 50 were also seen at Inhambane, 45 at Barra and two at Rio Savane.

South Africa. The only bird of the trip was a single from the Riviera bird hide at Veldriff.

Namibia. Not common in Namibia, the four birds seen were noteworthy - a single on the saltpans at Swakopmund and three birds on the pans at Walvis Bay.

South Africa. A vagrant to the country, the only sighting was a single at Veldriff (second visit only).

Namibia. While October records consisted of only 15 at Walvis Bay and a single at Avis Dam, a later influx brought four to Windhoek sewage farm in November and at least 550 at Swakopmund and 800 at Walvis Bay in December.

South Africa. Not so common, with just 30 at Lambert's Bay, about 45 at Veldriff and three in a roadside pool in the Karoo near Katbakkies.

Botswana. Most records were in the south-east of the country and, other than 47 at Tsholofelo, all were of flocks of less than ten birds (including at Ngotwane, Phakalane, Kgoro Pan and Bokaa Dam). In the north of the country, the only records were six on the Boteti and one in the Moshu wetlands.

Namibia. A similar pattern to Avocet - just ten seen in Walvis Bay in October, while December records totalled 180 at Swakopmund saltpans, 12 at the mouth of the Swakop River and at least 250 at Walvis Bay. Away from the coast, five were seen daily at Rundu and two at Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. In Cape Province, more than 140 were counted at Lambert's Bay on the first visit, though only ten on later visits when water levels were much lower. Elsewhere, 45 were noted at Veldriff, 35 at Paarl and four at De Hoop. In the east of the country, five were seen in Kruger, several at Wakkerstroom, about 20 at Mkuzi and finally two at St Lucia.

Botswana. With many small flocks, Black-winged Stilts were fairly common in both the Gaborone area and Okavango Delta. The highest counts in the south were 128 at Tsholofelo and 59 at Bokaa Dam, while in the north, the peak was 318 along the Boteti.

Namibia. Waterholes at Etosha were the prime sites for Spotted Thick-knees - a single at Okaukuejo and pairs at Halali and Olifantsbad. Elsewhere, one bird was seen at Ngepi.

South Africa. Pairs were located at Lambert's Bay, Veldriff, De Hoop and Bonamanzi, while four were seen at Mkuzi and three at Wakkerstroom. In addition, one was found dead on the road near Clanwilliam.

Botswana. Recorded in both the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and the Okavango Delta. In Kgalagadi, two birds were seen in the duneveld and others were heard calling each night, whilst in the Okavango, a total of 18 were seen in Moremi (nine at Mqweshlana Pan) and a single at Ngami.

Namibia. The sandbanks of the Cunene River at Ruacana Falls provided easy viewing of at least four birds, roosting under vegetation during the day and very active at dusk.

South Africa. A scatter of birds across the country - after a pair on Clanwilliam Dam, records in the east then included nine in the south of Kruger, two at St Lucia and four at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Most birds seen were on the larger rivers of the Okavango Delta, including nine along the Boteti (six together at Xobe), 17 on the Okavango River in the Shakawe area and five at Guma. Away from the rivers, three were also seen at Maun sewage pools.

Botswana. The arid grasslands on the pans west of Maun were home to the only Temminck's Coursers seen on the trip - at least 45 at Ngami and three at Tali.

Namibia. Sparsely distributed and frequently elusive, it was with luck that a flock of 12 very approachable birds were found by the roadside about midway between Sossusvlei and Solitaire.

Namibia. Only seen at Etosha, where there were about ten per day in the Okaukuejo area and then four birds together at Springbokfontain.

Botswana. Occurring just metres inside Botswana, two Double-banded Coursers were seen near the main entrance to the Nossob Valley in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Namibia. About 3 km north of Katima Mamila, in open woodland adjacent to the River Zambezi, a covey of three birds were found and watched at close range.

Namibia. A passage movement on the 4th and 5th December saw a large influx of birds into the wet meadows north of Ngepi. At least 45 birds were present on the evening of the first day, with 16 lingering until next morning, all gone by midday. On the following trip, a massive flock of about 250 birds were found on the floodplain at Mahango.

South Africa. One bird seen, a lone individual by the Shingwedzi River in Kruger.

Botswana. Flocks were seen at various localities across the Okavango - best counts were 607 on the Boteti (most near Samedupi), 144 on the Thamalakane, 165 in Moremi and 106 along the river at Shakawe. In addition, 16 were noted in the Moshu wetlands.

Namibia. Arriving with the Collared Pratincoles, four of this species were also noted in the flock at Ngepi on 4th December.

Botswana. Though very much in the minority against Collared Pratincoles, careful scans of most large flocks tended to also reveal small numbers of Black-winged Pratincoles. A total of 25 were seen along the Boteti, six along the Thamalakane and about ten in Moremi. In addition, in the Gaborone area, a single bird was also found at Bokaa Dam.

Namibia. Very much a speciality of the northern rivers, especially Okavango and Zambezi. On the first of these rivers, 12 were seen at Bagani, 15 at Popa Falls and a single at Ngepi, whilst on the latter, up to five were recorded daily at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. A drifter of the open oceans, about 30 Subantarctic Skuas were seen on the pelagic trip off Cape Town, the majority out near the continental shelf.

Namibia. Two birds were seen inside Walvis Bay in December, chasing and harassing terns.

South Africa. On the pelagic trip, a single bird was seen not far off the Cape of Good Hope.

Namibia. A steady southward passage of birds was recorded on the sea at Walvis Bay in October, whereas in December only a single bird was seen at this site.

South Africa. In addition to being common on the pelagic trip (seen in both inshore and offshore waters), single birds were also seen off Lambert's Bay and De Hoop.

South Africa. A single bird, in the vicinity of the fishing trawler, was seen on the pelagic trip.

Namibia. Numerous in all coastal localities, many pairs nesting on the saltpans and guano platforms at Walvis Bay and Swakopmund.

South Africa. Abundant along the entire coastline of Cape Province. Approximately 300 pairs were nesting in the seabird colony on Bird Island, Lambert's Bay. Not seen in Kwazulu-Natal.

South Africa. About 20 Sabine's gulls were seen on the pelagic trip, all in waters far offshore.

Namibia. With many hundred at all localities, this Bengula endemic is very common along the coast from Swakopmund southwards (though was not seen further north at Cape Cross).

South Africa. Abundant on the West Coast, around Cape Town and across the Cape Peninsula. Approximately 160 pairs bred at Lambert's Bay.

Namibia. Not very common, though possibly some overlooked. Up to 20 were seen on both visits to Walvis Bay and about eight at the mouth of the Swakop River.

South Africa. Only records were about ten at Lambert's Bay, a single at Veldriff and at least 60 at Paarl.

Botswana. Other than 17 at Gaborone Dam, the only Grey-headed Gulls seen were two at Bokaa Dam and three on the Boteti River.

Mozambique. A couple of coastal records - 15 at Inhambane and two on Benguera Island.

Namibia. All records were coastal: about 40 in Walvis Bay on both visits, three at the mouth of the Swakop River, five at Swakopmund saltpans and two in the 2nd Lagoon at Luderitz.

South Africa. Only noted at Veldriff (about 30 birds), Eland's Bay (two) and St Lucia (20).

South Africa. On the estuary mouth at St Lucia, a flock of about 35 were found roosting on a sand bank.

Mozambique. Abundant in coastal waters. Approximate counts included 25 at Inhambane, 40 at Tofo Beach, 35 at Barra and 80 on Benguera Island. Additionally, a single was noted at Rio Savane.

Namibia. Up to 30 were seen in Walvis Bay in both October and December, as well as 15 at Swakopmund saltpans and a single at Luderitz.

South Africa. A very common coastal species in Cape Province, the best counts being up to 800 at Lambert's Bay (particularly on the second visit), 400 at Veldriff, 25 at Kommetjie and 15 at Simon's Town. Many were also seen on the pelagic trip (inshore waters). In Kwazulu-Natal, five were also noted at St Lucia.

Mozambique. A handful of records - five at Inhambane, six at Tofo Beach and five on Benguera Island.

Namibia. Records consisted of up to 50 at Walvis Bay on both visits and about 20 apiece at Swakopmund saltpans and the mouth of the Swakop River.

South Africa. Common during the inshore parts of the pelagic trip, but otherwise the only birds seen in Cape Province were up to fifty at Veldriff, ten at Lambert's Bay and three at Kommetjie. In addition, about 30 were noted at St Lucia.

Namibia. Huge numbers were recorded at both Walvis Bay and Swakopmund, where roosts on the beach and saltpans numbered many thousands at the first locality and at least 800 at the latter.

South Africa. Commonly seen in coastal waters, though the best numbers were an absolute minimum of 250 at Lambert's Bay, 60 at Kommetjie and 40 at Veldriff. Countless more were noted on the pelagic trip.

Mozambique. As well as occasional birds off Tofo Beach and Benguera Island, flocks of at least 60 were amassed off Rio Savane.

South Africa. While Common Terns dominated the inshore waters of the pelagic trip off Cape Town, Arctic Terns were the abundant species in offshore waters, many birds involved in passage to the south-east.

South Africa. A rare find in Cape waters, five were seen in the tern roost at Kommetjie on 17th October.

Mozambique. Abundant in coastal waters. Best totals were on the estuary at Inhambane (about 20), at Barra (30), roosting on Tofo Beach (20) and on Benguera Island (at least 60).

Namibia. This endemic to south-west Africa was fairly common at Walvis Bay (up to 30 on both visits) and at Swakopmund saltpans (12 birds). A single bird was also seen at Diaz Point, Luderitz.

Namibia. Though only a few Black Terns were seen inside Walvis Bay, the sea offshore is a major 'wintering' area and hundreds were flocking off the coast. In addition, five were seen at Swakopmund.

South Africa. Less common than expected - the only records were up to 45 at Veldriff on both visits, about 40 at Paarl and three at Mkuzi..

Botswana. A total of about 300 birds were seen in the Gaborone area (145 at Phakalane, 100 at Bokaa Dam and 43 at Tsholofelo) and slightly more in the Okavango Delta (315 along the Boteti, occasionals on the rivers in Moremi and at Shakawe).

Namibia. Two records, both in the far north - two at Ruacana Falls and about 20 at Rundu sewage farm.

South Africa. A flock of about 15 at Wakkerstroom were the only birds seen in South Africa.

Botswana. Other than a single at Phakalane, all records were in the Okavango Delta. As well as a total of 441 along the Boteti River, Whiskered Terns were also common along the rivers in Moremi and, to a much lesser degree, in the Pan Handle (about ten at Shakawe and Guma, plus four at Makwena).

Namibia. Restricted to the Caprivi Strip, two singles were seen on the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila and another on the Okavango at Ngepi.

Botswana. With the breeding season over, most of the birds normally found in the upper reaches of the Okavango Delta had dispersed. However, rather unexpectedly, a large group was found in the lower reaches of the Boteti River - totalling 135 birds, the flock was possibly in addition to 33 seen nearby the previous day. Otherwise, the only birds seen were three at Mqweshlana (Moremi) and another three on the Okavango River near Shakawe.

Namibia. The floodlit waterholes at Etosha are excellent places to watch this species. At Okaukuejo and Halali especially, but lesser so at Namutoni, hundreds of birds descended to drink in the first half hour after dusk. Additionally, occasional birds were also encountered during the day throughout Etosha.

Botswana. Not common, the only sightings were two at the koppies north of Francestown, a flock of 14 along the Boro and two at Guma.

Botswana. Both in particularly arid areas, the two records related to a single male at Nata (Makgadikgadi Pans) and a flock of at least 30 at Ngami.

Namibia. As with Double-banded Sandgrouse, this species was common at the floodlit waterholes at Etosha. However, the bulk of Namaqua Sandgrouses tended to come in a little later and overall numbers were a little lower. Elsewhere, three were at Twyfelfontain, several at the Petrified Forest and one at Keetmanshoop.

South Africa. A flock of about 25 was noted at Brandvlei, four at both Lambert's Bay and Augrabies, plus singles at Eierkop and Pakhuis Pass. Also seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Botswana. Seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park only, where Namaqua Sandgrouses were common throughout the Nossob valley and occasional in Mabuasehube.

Namibia. Encountered twice, a flock of five at Sossusvlei and 12 scattered birds around Namutoni at Etosha.

South Africa. Flushed from the roadside, a flock of six were seen near Garies in the Northern Cape Province. Also seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Botswana. On the border with South Africa, four birds were seen in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park).

Namibia. A bird largely of arid terrain, the Namibian records consisted of four at Windhoek sewage farm, ten at Sossusvlei, five at Spitskoppe and four at the Orange River.

South Africa. Widespread, especially in western parts of the country. In Cape Province, as well as being common on Table Mountain and along the Cape Peninsula, totals of about ten were also seen at Springbok, Pakhuis Pass, Augrabies, the Karoo National Park and De Hoop, along with pairs at Kransvlei Kloof, Katbakkies and Bain's Kloof. In the east, the only records were two at Malalotja (Swaziland) and at least ten at Sani Pass.

South Africa. A forest pigeon, a single was noted in Skeleton Gorge above the Kirstenbosch botanical gardens and a minimum of 15 at Grootvadersbosch.

Namibia. Common in the urban areas of Windhoek and Luderitz, a few in Swakopmund.

South Africa. This small forest dove was recorded on three occasions - three at Eshowe and singles at Grootvadersbosch and in the Constantia greenbelts.

Mozambique. On the lower slopes of Gorongosa Mountain, a single was seen in an isolated forest patch.

Namibia. Possibly overlooked to some degree, this northern dove was only seen at Popa Falls (two birds) and in Mahango (four).

South Africa. Very much a Kruger speciality within South Africa, Mourning Doves were seen on a number of occasions in central areas of the national park.

Botswana. A familiar sound of the Okavango Delta, the distinctive call of this dove could be heard throughout much of the delta, though most records (visual and vocal) were from Moremi and in the Pan Handle (Shakawe and Guma).

South Africa. Seen throughout much of the country, though most abundant in the east. In Kruger, as well as across the whole of Kwazulu-Natal, Red-eyed Doves were ever-present and common. In Cape Province, however, while occurring in small numbers up the west coast as far as Clanwilliam and Eland's Bay, it was only along the south coast that they were common, including in the Kirstenbosch botanical gardens, at De Hoop and at Grootvadersbosch.

Botswana. Common to abundant in the north and east of Botswana, including in Gaborone, Francestown and in all areas of the Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. Common across most of the country, but only small numbers at Gorongosa and Rio Savane.

Namibia. Abundant across most of the country, including the capital, the semi-deserts, Etosha and the Caprivi. Largely absent from the coast.

South Africa. Numerous in almost all habitats throughout South Africa, though less so in mountainous zones, such as at Sani Pass and in the Swazi highlands. Also tended to be scarce in evergreen forest areas, for instance at Eshowe and Grootvadersbosch.

Botswana. Plentiful across the entire country, including in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, the main cities and the Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. Appeared to be less frequent than Red-eyed Dove, though still fairly common and present at all sites visited in the country.

South Africa. Widespread and common, especially in Cape Province and the north of Kruger. Less abundant in Kwazulu-Natal.

Botswana. Another ubiquitous dove of the north and east, occurring in large numbers at many sites, including in Gaborone and the Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. Though common on Benguera Island, Laughing Doves were otherwise only logged in fairly small numbers at Barra and Tofo Beach.

Namibia. After a single at Ruacana Falls, a total of six were seen at the camp at Ngepi and five at Mahango.

South Africa. Only birds seen were two pairs in Kruger and a total of ten at St Lucia.

Botswana. Abundant in the Okavango Delta, particularly on river islands. Top counts included about 30 on Gadikwe Island and 25 on Xhobega Island (both in Moremi), as well as 20 at Guma and ten at Shakawe. Elsewhere, small flocks of up to five were widespread, including in Maun and the rivers south of town.

Mozambique. At least 15 were noted on Benguera Island and a single at Rio Savane.

Namibia. Fairly common in northern parts of Namibia. Eight were seen at Kalkheuwel (Etosha), three at Ruacana Falls, two near Grootfontain, two at Bagani, a total of ten in the Katima Mamila area, four at Popa Falls and two at Ngepi.

South Africa. All records were confined to the east, either in Kruger (several birds in the north) or in Kwazulu-Natal (common at Mkuzi, at least 15 at St Lucia and five at Cape Vidal).

Botswana. Recorded in the Okavango, but only along the rivers south of Maun and in the Pan Handle. The river records consisted of ten along the Boteti and five on the Thamalakane, whilst those in the Pan Handle were composed of at least 15 at Shakawe and four at Makwena.

Mozambique. Along the coast, three were noted at Tofo Beach and six on Benguera Island.

Mozambique. A speciality of Gorongosa Mountain, Blue-spotted Wood-Doves were fairly common on the lower slopes of the massif and a minimum of 20 birds were seen in the area.

South Africa. This attractive dove was only seen at Eshowe, where a single bird was seen on a forest trail.

South Africa. Common in drier areas of Cape Province, including the Clanwilliam area, Lambert's Bay, Brandvlei, Augrabies and De Hoop. Less common in the east of the country, though several were seen in various parts of Kruger National Park.

Botswana. While numerous in southern areas, including the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and Gaborone, Namaqua Doves were less often seen in the Okavango Delta - the only birds logged were several at Ngami and scattered birds in Moremi and towards Shakawe.

Mozambique. Maybe a memory lapse, but the only bird recalled was a single at Rio Savane.

South Africa. An eastern special, a total of 16 birds were seen - a flock of eight at Mkuzi and eight in Kruger (four in the north, two pairs in the south).

Mozambique. Two birds were seen in central Maputo, three at Barra and another three on Benguera Island.

Namibia. A northern bird, with the best numbers at Etosha waterholes - four at Chudop and 15 at Kalkheuwel. Also, three were seen on two occasions at Ngepi, three at Rundu, pairs at Mahango and 20 km south of Katima Mamila, plus a single at Ruacana Falls.

Botswana. Recorded throughout the Okavango Delta, Meyer's Parrots were most common in Moremi, on the Boro and around Shakawe, with smaller numbers also along the Boteti River (seven birds), the Thamalakane (eight), Guma (four) and Makwena (two).

Namibia. Walking along the dry riverbed at Twyfelfontain, a total of about ten birds were found.

Namibia. This near-endemic is possible almost anywhere in central Namibia, though my records were three at Spitskoppe and two on the Hoffmeyr Walk in Windhoek.

Namibia. Confined to the riverine woodlands of eastern Caprivi, my one sighting was of two birds alongside the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Abundant in the St Lucia coastal area, where about 20 were noted in the forests around the town (particularly along the Igwalagwala and iPhiva trails) and a further two at Cape Vidal.

Botswana. In the grasslands of Rio Savane, a pair of these birds were found in a small wooded area.

South Africa. The woodlands of Kwazulu-Natal were home to these dramatic birds - at least ten at Eshowe, six at Bonamanzi and two at St Lucia.

Namibia. Common in Windhoek and surrounding areas, plus at Twyfelfontain, Etosha, Ruacana Falls and through the Caprivi Strip. Best counts were about 30 at Namutoni Camp in Etosha and 12 at Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. Only seen at Kruger, but very common there. In general, the species appeared to be most abundant in the centre and southern half of the national park (where in excess of 20 birds were seen per day). Even in the extreme north, however, several birds were seen along the Luvuvhu and Limpopo Rivers.

Botswana. Abundant in the Okavango Delta, with many birds seen in Moremi, along the Maun rivers and throughout the Pan Handle. The largest single count was of an unusually large flock of at least 40 moving through the campsite at Shakawe. Away from the Delta, the only record was a single at Francestown.

Namibia. In the Caprivi, single birds were recorded at Katima Mamila and Ngepi.

South Africa. More often heard than seen. Birds in Cape Province included several at Constantia, singles at Kirstenbosch and Bontebok and at least two at Grootvadersbosch, while those in the east included a number at Bonamanzi, three at Eshowe and singles at Sani Pass and Malalotja (Swaziland).

Botswana. Voice records only, singles were heard at Ngotwane, Lobatse and Otse (all in the Gaborone area).

Namibia. Most common at Rundu, where up to six were seen daily. Additionally, two were at Ngepi.

South Africa. Only recorded in Kruger, where a total of three were heard calling in the north of the reserve.

Botswana. A total of eight birds were noted across the country - two around Gaborone (at Ngotwane and Bokaa Dam), one at the koppies north of Francestown and five in the Okavango Delta (singles on the Boteti, on the Thamalakane, at Ngami, at Shakawe and at Makwena).

Namibia. A scattering of birds across the north included one at Otjiwarongo, a single at Katima Mamila sewage farm, another 20 km south of Katima Mamila, yet another at Mahango and a pair at Ngepi.

South Africa. Two sightings only - a single each in the north and south of Kruger.

Botswana. With a total of 12 birds seen, Levaillant's Cuckoos were fairly common in the Okavango Delta. From Maun town to Moremi and up to Shakawe, sightings were evenly spread across the area and, other than pairs along the Boteti and Thamalakane, all were of singles.

Namibia. Other than a pair at Tsumeb, all other records were in Caprivi - up to three daily at Rundu, a single at Bagani and two daily at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. As well as a single at Cape Vidal, four birds were seen in Kruger National Park (two in the north, one in the centre, one in the south).

Botswana. Best numbers were in the Gaborone area - at least six in the urban fringes and singles at Otse and Bokaa Dam. In addition, in the Okavango Delta, two were noted along the Thamalakane and individuals in Maun and between Ngami and Shakawe.

Botswana. One of the most abundant of the bush birds in the Gaborone area, Diderick Cuckoos were frequently seen and heard both in the suburban fringe and at all neighbouring sites. Elsewhere, a single was also noted at Mabuasehube in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and, in the Okavango, several were seen in Moremi and two at Guma.

Namibia. The only record was a male in a small wooded gully near the highest point of the 8 km walking trail at Daan Viljoen.

Botswana. Six birds were seen or heard - one at Otse, another at the koppies north of Francestown and, in the Okavango, three scattered around Moremi and one at Sepupa.

Namibia. A common bird of the Okavango and Caprivi region. About 15 were seen daily at Rundu, two at Katima Mamila sewage farm, a single at Kongola and up to three daily at Ngepi.

Botswana. Restricted to the Okavango Delta, but fairly common there. Primarily seen in riverside reedbeds, pairs were noted along the Thamalakane and Maunachira Rivers, occasionals elsewhere in Moremi, about six along the Boro, a similar number at Guma and a total of four at both Shakawe and Makwena. Frequently occurred alongside Senegal Coucal.

South Africa. Divided between South Africa and Swaziland, the five birds seen were a single in the south of Kruger and pairs at Milwane and St Lucia.

Botswana. In the south-east of the country, several were noted in the Gaborone area, including two at Ngotwane and more in the urban fringes.

Mozambique. In southern Mozambique, two were noted at Tofo and four on Benguera Island.

Namibia. Sharing habitat and coexisting with the other two coucals, three were seen at Rundu and singles at Katima Mamila and Ngepi.

Botswana. Though less common than Coppery-tailed Coucal, this species was widely recorded throughout the Okavango Delta, including several birds in Moremi, more along the Thamalakane River and at various of the sites in the Pan Handle.

Namibia. With six seen, the best place for this species was Ruacana Falls. Otherwise, three were noted at Mahango and singles in riverine vegetation at Ngepi and twice at Katima Mamila.

Botswana. One of the Okavango specials, this small coucal is probably easier seen here than anywhere else in Southern Africa. A total of 15 birds were recorded, though most in fairly remote areas - nine along the Maunachira River, two adjacent to Gadikwe Island, one on Mboma Island and three along the Boro.

South Africa. This secretive bird was not easy - considerable effort was put in at Bonamanzi before one was finally seen in dense vegetation (the thick bush generally south of tree-houses 4 and 5 is a preferred area).

Namibia. Unfortunately, the only record related to a road casualty found near Aus.

South Africa. The highlight of a night-drive, a single gave prolonged views as it sat on the track and flew between low rocks in the Karoo National Park.

South Africa. Faithful to traditional roosts for years on end, a pair can usually be found along the Camphor Avenue in the Kirstenbosch botanical gardens (seen on all visits, including with a fledgling on one occasion). Additionally, a very approachable pair seemed to favour the toilet block in the campsite at Karoo National Park, while singles were also found near Veldriff and on low cliffs above the vlei at De Hoop.

Botswana. In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, birds were heard calling at night in Mabuasehube.

Mozambique. Unfortunately, the only record was a dead individual on the road near Vilankulo.

South Africa. In addition to birds in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a single was also found at roost in riverside trees near Letaba Camp in Kruger.

Botswana. All at daytime roosts, two pairs were found in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) and a single near Makwena in the Okavango Delta.

Botswana. One of the most dramatic birds of the entire trip, this highly sought-after special is best found at Shakawe in the Okavango Delta. On our trip, however, we were fortunate indeed to find a pair roosting on a wooded island at Nxaraga Ledibe (along the Boro River). Later, at Shakawe, the Pel's Fishing Owls put on a fantastic show - not only did one perch on a dead tree right outside my tent in the campsite, but another was spotlit at night devouring a fish.

Namibia. As well as a calling bird at Katima Mamila, three were also seen: one at the Okaukuejo floodlit waterhole at Etosha, one at Popa Falls and one at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. One sighting only - a single roosting in bushes by the bird hide on the vlei at Lambert's Bay.

Botswana. Though two were heard at night in the Nossob Valley and one seen on the outskirts of Gaborone, the majority of records were in the Okavango Delta - either seen or heard, there were Barn Owls at Island Safari campsite (Maun), Xhobega Island, Xakanaxa campsite (Moremi) and Guma.

Namibia. The floodlit waterholes at Etosha offer excellent possibilities for this species. Both drinking and hunting in the illumination, two were at Okaukuejo and one at Halali.

Botswana. At Guma, a single bird quartering over the reeds at dusk was the only observation in Botswana.

South Africa. The only records were of calling birds at night at Grootvadersbosch and Bonamanzi (especially abundant at the latter locality).

Botswana. Wood Owls were frustrating at Shakawe, in that they were very vocal at night, but refused to reveal themselves at roost during the day or to spotlight at night!

South Africa. Voice records only, singles were noted at Crocodile Bridge (Kruger) and St Lucia.

Botswana. After spotlighting a very obliging bird at Island Safari campsite, further birds were then heard at the campsites at South Gate and Xakanaxa (in Moremi) and at the Sedia Hotel (Maun).

Namibia. Though not seen, one was heard calling every night in the campsite at Katima Mamila.

Botswana. The most attractive of the small owls, excellent views were obtained of one in the campsite at Island Safari in Maun (this bird initially responded to a tape lure, then sat calling above our tents).

Namibia. A single bird was found roosting in riverside trees at Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. Calling birds were heard at night at both Punda Maria and Letaba campsites in Kruger.

Botswana. All in the Okavango, one was noted in the community campsite near Moremi's South Gate, another at Guma and, in the Maun area, three in the campsite at Sitatunga (one seen, two more calling) and one at Island Safari.

Namibia. The most widespread of the owls in Namibia - singles at Daan Viljoen, Twyfelfontain and Halali (Etosha), and a pair at Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. Not far from Punda Maria camp in Kruger, a single bird was encountered sitting on the road, flushing only when approached at close range.

Botswana. Three sightings: a single at Planet Baobab (near Kweta) and two in the Okavango (on Gadikwe Island and at Xakanaxa).

South Africa. In Kruger, a night drive at Punda Maria (the northernmost camp) should produce this species. However, I didn't do this and consequently only recorded a female dead on a road in the south of reserve.

South Africa. Up to three Freckled Nightjars were seen each night at Pakhuis Pass, but otherwise the only record was a single on the night drive in the Karoo National Park.

South Africa. Only seen in Kwazulu-Natal, where at least six were noted on the night drive at Mkuzi and five at Bonamanzi.

South Africa. Most co-operative, a single Square-tailed Nightjar hawked at dusk directly in front of the restaurant at Letaba Camp in Kruger, alternating between forays out onto the river meadows and rests on the grass lawn. Additionally, at least four were seen on the night drive at Mkuzi.

Botswana. Four birds were seen, all in the Okavango Delta - a pair at Guma and singles along the Boteti and at Shakawe.

Namibia. A wonderful sight, flocks of Rufous-cheeked Nightjars hunt in the floodlights at the waterholes in Etosha. At Okaukuejo especially, at least hundred birds circled and dipped overhead, while the spectacle was also repeated at Halali, though in slightly lower numbers. At Namutoni Camp, however, only about five birds were attracted to the lights. Away from Etosha, single birds were seen at dusk at Keetmanshoop and the Orange River, while a single was also flushed at Avis Dam.

South Africa. One was found dead on the road near Punda Maria in the north of Kruger.

Botswana. Only recorded in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, where birds were seen nightly at the campsites, both in the Nossob Valley and at Mabuasehube.

South Africa. Another product of the night drive, two Swamp Nightjars were seen at Mkuzi.

Botswana. In the Okavango Delta, a mere three birds were seen - two on Xhobega Island and one at Guma.

Namibia. Only seen in the Windhoek area, with at least 45 birds over the Hoffmeyr Walk in October and up to 12 regularly at Avis Dam.

South Africa. Widespread, occasionally in large flocks. Best counts were at least 200 over Augrabies Falls, about 50 on Table Mountain and flocks of about 30 at Clanwilliam and Lambert's Bay. Generally, however, sightings elsewhere were small flocks, tending to number only four or five birds - these included at Eland's Bay, Lion's Head, Simon's Town, De Hoop, Eierkop, Katbakkies and Bain's Kloof.

Mozambique. Presumably passage migrants, three birds were noted over Benguera Island.

Mozambique. The sole record of the entire trip was a single in mountainous terrain just west of Inchope.

Namibia. Windhoek is the best place in the country to see Bradfield's Swifts, either in swirling flocks above the city itself or at any of the neighbouring sites, including the Hoffmeyr Walk, Daan Viljoen, Avis Dam and Windhoek sewage farm. Elsewhere, the only birds were about 40 near Grunau, a single at the Orange River and a pair at Luderitz.

South Africa. At the southern end of its range, about ten birds were seen on the outskirts of Uppington.

Namibia. A bird of southern Namibia, the only record was three in the mountainous area near Aus.

South Africa. Other than flocks of about 50 circling over the higher parts of Table Mountain and Lion's Head, most other sightings in Cape Province were of singles or pairs, including at the Cape of Good Hope, above Simon's Town, at Eland's Bay and at Paarl. In the east of the country, the only records were five at Malalotja (Swaziland) and about 25 at Sani Pass.

Namibia. An influx in late November brought a spate of birds to the Caprivi, including up to 35 a day at Rundu, 20 at Bagani, ten at Katima Mamila and at least 45 over Katima Mamila town.

South Africa. Common Swifts were recorded in South Africa on just two occasions - a flock of about 30 near Brandvlei and five birds at St Lucia.

Botswana. Though a few birds were noted in the Nossob Valley, the bulk of those recorded were in the Okavango Delta. The greatest single concentration was noted on the Boteti - following several flocks of up to 80, an uncharacteristically 'cool' day brought a massive flock into the valley, estimated to number about 1800 birds. Elsewhere, flocks of 30 to 40 were widely seen, including across Moremi, at Ngami and along the entire length of the road up to Shakawe.

Namibia. A patchy distribution - extremely numerous in localities such as Windhoek, the Orange River and Ruacana Falls, whilst only a few at Etosha and through the Caprivi. Absent in other areas.

South Africa. In Cape Province, Little Swifts were abundant at Lambert's Bay and Veldriff, while also occurring in small numbers at De Hoop, Eierkop, Brandvlei, Augrabies and on the summit of Lion's Head. In the east, they were most numerous at Kruger (at least 80 in the north of the national park) and St Lucia (about 40), though small flocks were also noted Wakkerstroom, Bonamanzi and Addo.

Botswana. Absent from large tracts of the country, Little Swifts were nevertheless common in Gaborone town and occasional in the Nossob Valley.

South Africa. Only recorded at a few widely dispersed sites - up to six at De Hoop, a single at Wakkerstroom, a total of seven at Sani Pass and, in Swaziland, two at Malalotja and four at Milwane.

Namibia. Only seen three times in Namibia: a single at Windhoek sewage farm, a pair at Walvis Bay and eight around a culvert in the road near Mariental.

South Africa. In addition to being common at Lambert's Bay, Pakhuis Pass and in the Overburg farmland (especially near Bredasdorp), about ten were seen at De Hoop, seven at Eierkop and four at Addo.

Botswana. Along with Little Swifts, White-rumped Swifts were common over Gaborone town.

Namibia. The Windhoek area was fairly good for this species, with up to ten at the International Airport, six at the sewage farm and pairs at Avis Dam and on the Hoffmeyr Walk. Further afield, a minimum of 60 were around Namutoni Camp in Etosha (nesting in the many palms), about 15 at Ruacana Falls and one at the sewage farm in Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Only noted in Kruger National Park, where a total of about 35 were seen through the northern half of the reserve.

Botswana. In addition to abundant birds in the Gaborone area, moderate numbers were also seen in the Okavango Delta (including about 25 along the Thamalakane, five along the Boteti, several in Moremi and six at Makwena).

Mozambique. For a country teeming in palm trees, Palm Swifts were strangely scarce - the only birds seen were at least 20 at Rio Savane and a single at Tofo Beach.

South Africa. A Kruger special, this localised bird is regular only along the river at Pafuri at the northernmost extreme of the reserve. In over an hour on the riverfront, however, only a single bird was seen.

South Africa. Sharing the same restricted range as Böhm's Spinetail, the Pafuri area of northern Kruger offers the only possibility for this species in South Africa. In the event, two birds were seen - not at Pafuri itself, but slightly further east towards the Limpopo River.

South Africa. Though records in Cape Province consisted of just two at the Cape of Good Hope, several at De Hoop and about 15 at Pakhuis Pass, sightings in the east were far more frequent - in flocks of up to ten, birds were noted in Kruger, Malalotja and Milwane (both Swaziland), St Lucia, Cape Vidal and Sani Pass.

Botswana. Close to the South African border, the only record was a single at Molopo.

Mozambique. Recorded throughout the country, the sightings included small numbers at Tofo Beach and Barra, 12 on Benguera Island and two at Gorongosa Mountain.

Namibia. As well as Caprivi records of two at Rundu and five at Divundu, a flock of at least 12 were in the dry riverbed at Twyfelfontain.

South Africa. In Cape Province, the only birds noted were ten at Pakhuis Pass, six at Karoo N.P. and two in the West Coast N.P., whilst in the east a total of about 25 were seen in small flocks throughout Kruger.

Botswana. In addition to several in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and scattered flocks in the Okavango and Francestown, Red-faced Mousebirds were common in Gaborone.

Namibia. The common mousebird of the Namibian thornveld and semi-desert. Numerous in and around Windhoek and also at Sossusvlei, Spitskoppe and Aus.

South Africa. Seen throughout the Karoo semi-desert, some of the localities holding pairs or small flocks included Springbok, the Clanwilliam area, Pakhuis Pass, Eland's Bay and Veldriff, Eierkop, Katbakkies, Brandvlei, Augrabies and the Karoo National Park.

South Africa. This forest special is at its westernmost extreme at Grootvadersbosch, where it proved relatively easy to find. Initially located by song, two males were amongst the highlights of this woodland reserve (a third was also heard singing). Further east, in Kwazulu-Natal, three females or immatures were also noted in the forest at Eshowe.

Botswana. Localised and rare in Botswana, it was particularly pleasing to find a male in the mature woodland at Shakawe (probably the only reliable site in the country for the species).

Namibia. For this dramatic species, the northern rivers held all birds seen: singles at Ruacana Falls, Katima Mamila, Popa Falls and Ngepi (twice).

South Africa. A total of six birds were seen across the country - singles at Clanwilliam and Pakhuis Pass, three in Kruger (one each in the north, centre and south) and a further individual on the steam at Sani Pass.

Botswana. With only three birds seen, all in the Okavango Delta, Giant Kingfishers were less common than expected. Additionally, all three birds were not in the heart of the Delta, but at Shakawe, Guma and Makwena (all in the Pan Handle).

Namibia. A single bird was seen on the Orange River, otherwise all were in the far north - total records consisting of ten at Ruacana Falls, up to six at both Rundu and Katima Mamila, two at Kongola, four at Popa Falls, three at Ngepi and several in Mahango.

South Africa. Recorded at watercourses across the country. In the west, birds included six at Clanwilliam, up to six at both Lambert's Bay and Eland's Bay and eight at Veldriff, while in the east, almost 20 were seen on the various rivers at Kruger, plus pairs at Wakkerstroom, Mkuzi and St Lucia and a single at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Common in the Gaborone area and abundant in the Okavango Delta. Gaborone counts included 19 at Ngotwane Dam, six at Bokaa and pairs at Tsholofelo and Phakalane. In the Okavango, while common on pans and streams throughout, the largest numbers were logged on the various river counts, especially the Boteti and Thamalakane, and these are summarised below. 27 were also seen in the Moshu wetlands.

Mozambique. Common and widespread in the coastal wetlands - up to four at five birds were seen at Inhambane, Barra, Tofo, Benguera Island and Rio Savane.

Namibia. A single bird was found on the banks of the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Nine individuals were seen - three at Clanwilliam, two at Paarl and singles at Veldriff, Augrabies, in Kruger National Park and at St Lucia.

Botswana. After a single at Ngotwane Dam, the remainder were all in the Okavango Delta. Several were seen in Moremi, especially along the Maunachira River, but the majority were in the Pan Handle - including 19 along the river at Shakawe and 17 at Guma. None were noted along the two Maun rivers.

Namibia. A total of 14 birds were seen, all in the Caprivi Strip. Four were at Rundu, nine in the Katima Mamila area (including four 20 km south of town) and one at Divundu.

South Africa. A common bird throughout Kruger National Park, where a minimum of ten were seen or heard daily, but elsewhere the only record was a single at Mkuzi.

Botswana. With the exception of in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, this dryland kingfisher was common and widespread across the country, especially in the north. Best numbers were in the Okavango, where up to four or five were seen almost every day.

Mozambique. A highlight of the trip to Mozambique, one bird gave excellent views adjacent to the parking area at Rio Savane, while another was heard calling in the mangroves near the camp site.

South Africa. In the east of the country, two birds were noted in Kruger, seven in the St Lucia to Cape Vidal area and a single at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Though reportedly the 'most frequently seen' kingfisher in the Gaborone area, I in fact only saw four - two at Lobatse and two at Ngotwane. Further north, however, a further two were seen at Francestown and, in the Okavango Delta, several in Moremi, three around Maun and one at Shakawe.

Namibia. Similar range and habitat as Woodland Kingfisher, though significantly scarcer. Only eight birds were seen in Namibia - five in Mahango National Park, one at Rundu and two in the Katima Mamila area (one north of town, one 20 km south).

Botswana. All in the Okavango Delta, an adult with juvenile was seen along the Thamalakane, a total of three in Moremi and singles along the Boro and in the campsite at Island Safari (Maun).

Namibia. Both along the Okavango Valley, the two sightings were singles at Divundu and in Mahango.

Botswana. Scattered across the country, Striped Kingfishers were seen in the duneveld of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, at Kgoro Pan, along the Boro River (two birds) and at Makwena.

Mozambique. Moderately common in the Inhambane area, one was seen on the outskirts of the town, two at Tofo Beach and three at Barra.

Namibia. To see this bird in Namibia requires a trip to the Cunene River. At Ruacana Falls, a breeding colony in the banks of the river numbered at least 20 birds.

Mozambique. Fairly common on Benguera Island, at least 15 were seen along the beachfront.

Namibia. Another colourful bird only seen in the Caprivi Strip. Best numbers were at Rundu, where a minimum of 35 hawked above the grasslands. Further east, about ten were at Bagani, a total of 18 at Katima Mamila, 12 at Kongola and up to 15 per day at Ngepi and Mahango.

South Africa. Three flocks were seen - about ten birds in the north of Kruger, at least ten at St Lucia and about 15 at Cape Vidal.

Botswana. Widespread in the Gaborone area, where flocks of up to 20 were commonplace over the city and at neighbouring sites such as Tsholofelo and Bokaa Dam. Even more abundant in the Okavango Delta, where numerous birds were seen in the skies across the region, including over the Maun rivers, Moremi, the Boro and all sites in the Pan Handle.

Mozambique. Other than pairs at Tofo Beach and Barra, the only record was a flock of about 15 moving northwards at Rio Savane.

Namibia. The most abundant and most widespread of the bee-eaters in Namibia. In the Windhoek area, regular birds were seen over the city, as well as up to 12 on the Hoffmeyr Walk, six at Avis Dam and two at Daan Viljoen. Further north, Etosha attracted up to 25 a day, particularly in the eastern half from Halali to Namutoni. Elsewhere in the country, scattered records included 20 at Rundu, four at Ngepi, a couple at Keetmanshoop and singles at Grunau and the Orange River.

South Africa. In Cape Province, other than a breeding colony of seven pairs at Pakhuis Pass, most records consisted of small flocks (of up to 15 birds), these included at Springbok, Brandvlei, Eierkop, Clanwilliam, Lambert's Bay, Eland's Bay and Veldriff. In the east of the country, birds were most numerous at Kruger, where up to 40 were seen daily, but otherwise the only sightings were four at Mkuzi and two at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Other than in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, where only isolated birds were seen, European Bee-eaters were both common and widespread throughout Botswana, including in the Gaborone area and across the Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. Probably northbound migrants, a flock of about ten were seen near Inchope and 35 hawking at a termite emergence in Gorongosa Town.

Namibia. Only one record, a typical sighting of four alongside the Okavango at Mahango.

South Africa. Though 17 were seen in Kruger (15 along the Limpopo River and two on the Letaba River), they were most common in Swaziland - two at Malalotja and an impressive flock of about 45 at Milwane.

Botswana. All in the Pan Handle of the Okavango Delta, at least 15 were seen in and around the campsite at Shakawe and a further ten at Guma.

Namibia. This most special of the bee-eaters is reasonably frequent in the eastern half of Caprivi - 16 were seen at Katima Mamila sewage farm, 20 at Kongola, ten at Mahango and up to six per day at Ngepi.

South Africa. Only five individuals seen, all in Kruger (three in the north, a pair in the south).

Botswana. Very common in the Okavango Delta, especially in the Moremi area, along the Boro and along the Maun rivers. Along these latter rivers, a minimum of 65 were noted on the Boteti and about 95 on the Thamalakane. Away from the Okavango, 19 were also seen at Nata (Makgadikgadi Pans).

Mozambique. A single bird alongside the Save River was the only record in Mozambique.

Namibia. Restricted to the north, the tally of birds involved 16 at Ruacana Falls, one at Rundu, a pair at Bagani, at least 18 in the Katima Mamila area, five at Mahango and up to ten daily at Ngepi.

South Africa. Just three records - pairs in the south of Kruger and at Cape Vidal and a single at Mkuzi.

Botswana. Common throughout the Okavango Delta, though certainly most abundant along the channels and waterways in the Pan Handle, particularly in the Shakawe area. In addition, five were seen at Tsholofelo (Gaborone) and two at Nata (Makgadikgadi Pans).

Namibia. Common across large parts of Namibia, though especially numerous in the Windhoek area - up to 20 were often seen at both Avis Dam and the Hoffmeyr Walk, as well as up to 15 at the sewage farm and five at Daan Viljoen. Other records included a few near the Orange River, two at Spitskoppe, about 15 north of Namutoni in Etosha and two 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Only recorded in the border zone, where six were at Augrabies and several birds were seen in the vicinity of the Orange River at the border crossing with Namibia, some on the South African side.

Botswana. A scatter of records across the country - several in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, six at Thalgale (just north of Gaborone) and, in the Okavango, two along the Boteti and good numbers in Moremi and along the Boro.

South Africa. As well as two to three birds daily in Kruger, two were seen at Mkuzi and one at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. After a single along the Boro, an apparent influx resulted in sightings of nine birds along the road between Ngami and Shakawe and a further two at Tali Pan.

Namibia. With the exception of two near Sossusvlei and a regular pair at Windhoek sewage farm, all records were from the Caprivi Strip - at least ten at Rundu, common in the Caprivi Game Park, about 15 in the Katima Mamila area, four at Ngepi and three at Mahango.

South Africa. Only noted at Kruger, where a total of 21 were spread across the reserve from north to south.

Botswana. Of the over 160 Lilac-breasted Rollers seen in Botswana, all but 22 were in the Okavango Delta, a clear pointer to the abundance of birds there. The best areas in the Delta were Moremi (29 birds), the Boro (31) and along the road between Ngami and Shakawe (51). Away from the Okavango, total records were 15 in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, two at Kgoro Pan and five in the Nata area. (Makgadikgadi Pans).

Mozambique. Records included up to five daily at Tofo Beach, six at Barra, four at Gorongosa and singles on Benguera Island and at Rio Savane.

Namibia. The sole bird of the entire trip was a single in mopane woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

Namibia. Highly dispersed records across central and, especially, northern Namibia. Purple Rollers were most common in the area between the Petrified Forest and Etosha, the journey seeing about 30 birds on roadside wires. In Etosha itself, the eastern half of the park was most fruitful for the Rollers, producing four or five per day between Halali and Namutoni Camps. Other scattered birds included one at Twyfelfontain, another at Grootfontain and pairs at Ngepi, Daan Viljoen and Karibib.

South Africa. In an area particularly good for rollers in general, a total of 30 Purple Rollers were seen on the journey from Ngami to Shakawe. Elsewhere, sightings included birds in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (one in the duneveld, another at Mabuasehube), two separate birds in the Nata area, one in Maun and another along the Boro River.

Namibia. Only seen in the eastern Caprivi Strip, where total records consisted of one in the Caprivi Game Park and five in the Katima Mamila area (two at the sewage farm, one in the town and two 20 km south).

South Africa. As well as one in the north of Kruger, a group of six were seen at Cape Vidal.

Botswana. All in the Okavango Delta, a total of 23 birds were seen - 17 in Moremi, one along the Boro, another en route to Shakawe and two each along the Boteti and Thamalakane Rivers.

African Hoopoe

Namibia. Almost without exception seen in pairs, Hoopoes were found at numerous localities across the entire country. Some of the main sites included the Orange River, Rooibank (near Walvis Bay), Etosha, Ruacana Falls (two pairs), Rundu and Katima Mamila (at least three pairs each) and Ngepi. Closer to the capital, a couple of pairs were also seen at Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Whilst there was only a single record in the east of the country (two at Mkuzi), there were many more sightings in Cape Province, including pairs at De Hoop and Bontebok N.P. and singles at Lambert's Bay, Veldriff and Brandvlei.

Botswana. A good spread of records, including four in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, another four in the Gaborone area and 19 in the Okavango Delta (ten of which were in Moremi).

Namibia. Two flocks, consisting of 14 birds and 15 birds, were seen at Rundu, whilst a single large flock numbered about 35 in mopane woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila. In addition, a solitary individual was also seen at Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. Thin on the ground - just two in the south of Kruger and five at Mkuzi.

Botswana. Other than six at Francestown, all other birds were in the Okavango Delta. In addition to a flock of eight along the Thamalakane, four in woodlands north of Maun and eight at Shakawe, several flocks were also noted in Moremi.

Mozambique. One flock seen, a group of about ten moving through the palm savannah at Barra.

Namibia. Though sometimes considered conspecific with Green Wood-Hoopoe, still worth trying to track down. Halali Camp in Etosha is generally considered a reliable site, though my only record was a pair at Okaukuejo.

Namibia. Another species for which the Windhoek area offers very good possibilities - in addition to nine at Daan Viljoen, four were seen at the sewage works and two regularly at Avis Dam. Away from the capital, the only birds were six on Eland Drive in Etosha and two 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. As well as two at Mkuzi in South Africa, a single was seen at Milwane in Swaziland.

Botswana. Widespread, though not numerous. Records included one in the duneveld at Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, four in the Gaborone area (two at Thalgale and singles at Molopo and Bokaa Dam), a single at the koppies north of Francestown and four in the Okavango Delta (two in Maun and singles along the Boteti and Boro Rivers).

Namibia. Closely tied to the riverine forests of eastern Caprivi, the only sightings were a pair and a single alongside the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Common in the evergreen forests of Kwazulu-Natal, records included a total of 27 at Mkuzi, 12 at St Lucia, seven at Cape Vidal, four at Bonamanzi and six at Eshowe.

Mozambique. In the high forests of Gorongosa Mountain, five birds were seen flying through the treetops.

South Africa. In the coastal forests of Kwazulu-Natal, six were noted at St Lucia and two at Bonamanzi.

Mozambique. Two flocks, totalling nine individuals, were found at Gorongosa Mountain and, a little to the south, three more birds were seen just south of Inchope.

Namibia. Most commonly seen in the thornveld surrounding Windhoek, including up to three on the Hoffmeyr Walk, five at Avis Dam and four at Daan Viljoen. Additionally, five were noted en route to Sossusvlei, a single at Spitskoppe and two at Ruacana Falls.

Namibia. The only records were two at Mahango and one in mopane woodland near Ngepi.

Namibia. Particularly in northern areas, the most common hornbill. Best numbers were at Ruacana Falls (about 20) and in Caprivi (two at Rundu, about ten in the Katima Mamila area and up to 25 a day at Ngepi). Heading south, Etosha held a pair at Olifantsbad, about ten daily around Halali and four per day at Namutoni.

Further south still, the Windhoek region supported four at Avis Dam and five at Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Only noted at Kruger, but a total of about 35 seen there, the great majority of which were in central areas of the national park.

Botswana. Though common in Moremi, not many were seen elsewhere - just four at Guma, several along the Boteti and, away from the Okavango, two at Mabuasehube.

Namibia. As did Twyfelfontain, the eastern districts of Etosha, from Halali to Namutoni, boasted 20 to 25 birds per day. However, beyond these sites, the only record was of a single at Ngepi.

South Africa. Common in Kruger National Park, especially in the northern half of the reserve. Numbers declined from about 15 daily in the north to about ten per day in the centre and just four in the far south. Elsewhere, four birds were also seen at Mkuzi.

Botswana. In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Yellow-billed Hornbills were occasional in the duneveld and common at Mabuasehube, but not seen in the Nossob Valley. In the Okavango, where the species is subject to seasonal movements, the only birds seen were a few in Moremi and the Maun area.

Namibia. Recently split from Red-billed Hornbill, this species was seen only at Twyfelfontain, where two were encountered in the dry river valley.

Namibia. An assortment of widely dispersed records: four near Halali in Etosha, six at Ruacana Falls, five at Mahango and ten in mopane woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Seen throughout Kruger National Park, though abundance varied across the reserve - northern areas held only two to four birds a day, while over 30 daily were noted in the south (i.e. the opposite pattern to Yellow-billed Hornbill).

Botswana. Abundant throughout most of the Okavango, including Moremi, the Maun area and Boteti River. Away from the Okavango, however, the only birds were pairs at Lobatse and the Francestown koppies.

Botswana. Becoming ever more uncommon and localised, the only Ground Hornbills of the trip were in the Okavango Delta - family parties of five along the Thamalakane and four near the Xaxaba camp on the Boro.

Namibia. Seen only at Ngepi, up to six of these impressive birds visited the campsite every day.

South Africa. Scattered through the east, a total of seven birds were seen - a single at Cape Vidal and pairs at Milwane (Swaziland), St Lucia and Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Other than a single bird at Otse, all records were in the Okavango Delta. The birds were most common in Moremi and the adjacent Boro, but at least five were also noted at Shakawe and a single in Maun.

Mozambique. Total records were three at Tofo Beach and singles at Barra and Gorongosa Mountain.

South Africa. A fairly common inhabitant of the Kwazulu forests, eight were seen in the Fig Forest at Mkuzi, at least 15 at St Lucia and four at both Cape Vidal and Eshowe.

Namibia. The Katima Mamila area was the locality for this species, with one in forest alongside the River Zambezi, another at the sewage farm and two in woodland 20 km south of the town.

South Africa. As well as several birds in suburban gardens in Johannesburg, four separate individuals were also noted in Kruger National Park (in the centre and south of the reserve).

Botswana. Most frequent in the Okavango Delta, where commonly seen or heard in Moremi and also occasionally along the Boro, in the Maun area and throughout the Pan Handle. Away from the Okavango, several were also noted in Gaborone and a couple at the Marang campsite in Francestown and at the koppies north of town.

Acacia Pied Barbet

Namibia. A wide ranging species - up to three at Avis Dam, three at Sossusvlei, a pair at Namutoni (Etosha) and singles at Daan Viljoen, Spitskoppe, Aus and Ngepi.

South Africa. Occurring throughout the more arid parts of Cape Province, four birds were noted near the Doring River, pairs at Springbok and Addo and singles at Pakhuis Pass, Augrabies and near Lambert's Bay.

Botswana. All in the south of the country, two were noted in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) and singles at Otse, Bokaa Dam and the koppies north of Francestown.

South Africa. One record: a single bird in the north of Kruger National Park.

Botswana. Seen or heard, a total of three were recorded in the Gaborone area (two at Otse and one on Kgale Hill) and four in the Pan Handle of the Okavango Delta (pairs at Guma and Makwena).

South Africa. All sightings were in the Kwazulu forests - at least ten at St Lucia, four at Cape Vidal and five at Eshowe. Additionally, calling birds were heard at Bonamanzi.

South Africa. One bird was seen at Mkuzi and several more heard, both at Mkuzi and at Bonamanzi.

Namibia. On a roadside stop, a single was seen in woodland 45 km east of Rundu.

South Africa. The only record in South Africa was a calling bird at the Doring River.

Botswana. All in the Okavango Delta, two birds were noted on Gadikwe Island and another along the Boro.

South Africa. One in the north and another in the centre, two birds were seen in Kruger National Park.

Botswana. A total of five birds were noted in the Okavango Delta - with the exception of one in Moremi, all were in the Pan Handle (one at Shakawe, another at Guma and two at Makwena).

Mozambique. Three birds were seen on the edge of the mangroves at Barra and one at Gorongosa Mountain.

South Africa. Not seen in South Africa itself, but Swaziland - singles were noted at Malalotja and Milwane.

Mozambique. Shortly after a Lesser had been seen, a single Pallid Honeyguide was also found at a fairly high altitude in the forests on Gorongosa Mountain.

South Africa. Particularly in Cape Province, this rock-loving endemic proved most obliging with multiple sightings at a number of sites - in total, four birds were seen on Table Mountain above Skeleton Gorge, another four on the plateau at Karoo N.P., pairs at Kransvlei Poort and Sir Lowry's Pass and a single at Swartberg Pass. Additional birds were also heard calling at Pakhuis Pass. In the east of the country, Ground Woodpeckers appeared especially abundant at Sani Pass, with a total of ten birds seen in the rocky terrain at the lower end of the valley (below the South African border post).

South Africa. Favouring rich evergreen forestland, the only records were a pair at Grootvadersbosch and singles at Milwane (Swaziland) and Eshowe.

Namibia. The most widespread woodpecker: a pair and nest were found at Windhoek sewage farm and others were seen at Daan Viljoen, the Orange River, Rundu and Katima Mamila (two birds).

South Africa. While only a single was noted was noted in Cape Province (Kransvlei Poort), a total of five were seen in Kwazulu-Natal (two at Bonamanzi and singles at Mkuzi, Eshowe and Sani Pass).

Botswana. Three birds were noted - two in the duneveld of Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and one in Maun.

South Africa. Single birds at Kruger, Mkuzi and St Lucia were the entirety of records in the country.

Botswana. The most abundant of the woodpeckers in Botswana - as well as two in the duneveld at the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, good numbers were also seen in the Okavango Delta, including at least five in Moremi and scattered birds along the Maun rivers, at Ngami and at Shakawe.

Mozambique. One bird was seen in the garden of Barra Lodge on the Inhambane peninsula.

Botswana. Four birds were seen in the Okavango Delta - singles along the Thamalakane River, in the woodland north of Maun, on Gadikwe Island and in the woodland towards the Kwai River in Moremi.

Bearded Woodpecker

Namibia. One bird was found in the woodland alongside the River Okavango at Bagani.

Botswana. Both in the Okavango Delta, pairs were found in Sitatunga campsite (Maun) and in Moremi.

Knysna Woodpecker

South Africa. A highly desirable endemic species. After much searching, a male was eventually located close to the campsite above the vlei at De Hoop. Elsewhere, a single was also heard calling at Addo.

Red-throated Wryneck

South Africa. At Sani Pass, two territory-holders gave excellent views as they sang against each other in the boulder fields at the lower end of the valley.

African Broadbill

South Africa. Calling at both dawn and dusk, two Broadbills were noted in dense vegetation in the area near tree-house 5 at Mkuzi.

Cape Long-billed Lark

South Africa. Feeding in the strandveld beyond the saltpans, a single bird gave close views at Veldriff.

Eastern Long-billed Lark

South Africa. On a rocky hillside a few hundred metres beyond the famous 'pipit field' at Wakkerstroom, one individual of this species was seen feeding on the short turf.

Bengula Long-billed Lark

Namibia. A stop at the Petrified Forest produced the only three birds of the trip.

Agulhas Long-billed Lark

South Africa. In the Overburg, birds were displaying in farmland north of Malgas and at Bontebok N.P.

Karoo Long-billed Lark

South Africa. Though only recorded at Brandvlei, at least 20 were seen in a day's walking of this area.

Dusky Lark

Botswana. This large thrush-like lark was only seen in the mopane woodland north of Maun, where a loose flock of six birds was found feeding in a fairly open area.

Flappet Lark

Namibia. Only seen in the Okavango Valley, where two were at Divundu and up to five daily at Ngepi.

Botswana. Three birds were found in the Boro concession of the Okavango Delta.

Eastern Clapper Lark

Namibia. Scattered small numbers occurred throughout the Okaukuejo area of Etosha.

Botswana. Only one bird was seen, a lone single at Mabuasehube in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Agulhas Clapper Lark

South Africa. Recently separated into a species in its own right, this distinct form of Clapper Lark was fairly common in the farmland of the Overburg, especially on along the gravel roads north of Malgas (males were displaying, thus easy to see).

Karoo Lark

South Africa. Naturally all records were in the arid interior of Cape Province - several birds at Eierkop, a few on the Karoo side of Pakhuis Pass, at least five beyond the Doring River and two near Lambert's Bay.

Dune Lark

Namibia. This endemic, restricted to the Namib Desert, is easiest to see in the low dunes at Rooibank (near Walvis Bay). A search of about one hour revealed one pair.

Barlow's Lark

Namibia. A newly described species, formally part of the Karoo Lark group, the range of species is restricted to a narrow belt of the Namib, most of which is off-limits in diamond areas. The best area to see the birds is exactly 47 km east of Luderitz - here, in low Euphorbia bushes, a pair were quickly located and a further single bird soon after.

Large-billed Lark (Thick-billed Lark)

South Africa. In addition to birds at Veldriff on both visits (at least 18 seen) and throughout the Overburg farmland (common), a single was also noted at Pakhuis Pass and three at Sani Pass.

Sabota Lark

Namibia. Most abundant at Daan Viljoen, where about 20 were seen on both visits. Otherwise, records consisted of singles at the Petrified Forest and Ngepi and, at Etosha, scattered birds around Okaukuejo, five daily in the Halali area and occasionals in the vicinity of Namutoni.

South Africa. All records were in Kruger, where a total of eight were scattered throughout the national park.

Botswana. Two widely separated records: singles at Kgoro Pan in the south-east and at Tali Pan in the north.

Short-clawed Lark

Botswana. With the south-east of Botswana holding a significant share of the world's population of this uncommon resident, Kgoro Pan is one of the easiest localities to see Short-clawed Lark - on the margins of the pan, six birds were quickly found in the mixed grasslands, dotted with occasional bushes.

Fawn-coloured Lark

Namibia. Only seen at Etosha, where common on the Andoni Plains.

South Africa. All sightings were restricted to the South African part of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

Botswana. Though only seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Fawn-coloured Larks were numerous there, seen in large numbers from the Nossob Valley through to Mabuasehube.

Rufous-naped Lark

Namibia. Two records, both in the lower Okavango: a single at Ngepi and a minimum of four in Mahango.

South Africa. Only records were in Kwazulu, where at least one was noted at Mkuzi and two at Cape Vidal.

Botswana. A common bird in the south-east, both in the suburban fringe of Gaborone and at sites such as Kgoro Pan, Ngotwane and Bokaa Dam. Additionally, small numbers were also seen in the Okavango Delta, most notably in the Boro Valley and along the Thamalakane.

Red-capped Lark

Namibia. Common in parts of Etosha, notably north of Okaukuejo and between Ondongab and Homob, with several also noted on the Andoni Plains.

South Africa. The most abundant lark in the Overburg, with many dozens seen throughout the farmland areas. Additionally, about 20 were noted at Wakkerstroom, eight at Brandvlei and pairs at Eland's Bay, Veldriff and Sani Pass.

Botswana. Though widely seen in Botswana, the best concentrations were an estimated 300 on the dry lakebed at Ngami and about 40 on the Makgadikgadi grasslands at Nata. Elsewhere, smaller numbers were also noted in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (four in the Nossob Valley, about 25 at Mabuasehube), the Gaborone area (including about 20 at Kgoro Pan) and along the Boteti (about 30).

Rudd's Lark

South Africa. Thanks largely due to the in-depth knowledge of the a guide, a Rudd's Lark was watched attending a nest in an anonymous patch of grass in the middle of a field to the north of Wakkerstroom.

Botha's Lark

South Africa. Again found with help of the guide, a flock of four Botha's Larks were found in the adjacent field to the Rudd's Larks.

Pink-billed Lark

Namibia. With records restricted to Etosha, the only birds seen were a few in the grasslands between Leeubron and Okondeka.

Botswana. At Makgadikgadi Pans, at least seven birds were seen in the parched grasslands of Nata. Initially flushed from trackside, most then gave good views as they fed in the scant cover available.

Sclater's Lark

Namibia. A nomadic and often elusive bird, supposedly restricted to south Namibia. However, my sole record in Namibia was a flock of about 35 on gravel plains just north of Spitskoppe.

South Africa. Two birds were seen at Brandvlei, a classic locality for the species.

Stark's Lark

Namibia. Immense flocks, numbering several hundred birds, packed into the sparsely grassed areas at Sossusvlei, with smaller flocks of about 30 at the nearby Solitaire. Elsewhere, the only birds were occasionals in the Okaukuejo area at Etosha.

Gray's Lark

Namibia. Endemic to the gravel plains along the coastal desert strip, three of these most attractive of larks were seen 3 km inland from the Swakopmund sewage farm.

Spike-heeled Lark

Namibia. Six birds were seen close to the Naukluft Mountains en route to Sossusvlei, but otherwise all were in Etosha - scattered birds north of Okaukuejo, four at Springbokfontain and three at Chudop.

South Africa. In the arid Karoo, several were seen at Eierkop, at least 30 at Brandvlei and about five beyond the Doring River. Further east, six were also noted at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, five birds were seen at Mabuasehube.

Chestnut-backed Sparrowlark (Chestnut-backed Finchlark)

Namibia. Only noted at Etosha, where abundant on the grasslands north of Okaukuejo.

Botswana. Estimated to number approximately 500 birds, a massive flock of Chestnut-backed Sparrowlarks was found on the dry lakebed at Ngami. Other than this flock, however, the only record in the country was a single bird at the nearby Tali Pan.

South Africa. Two birds in the north of Kruger were the only ones seen in South Africa.

Grey-backed Sparrowlark (Grey-backed Finchlark)

Namibia. As with Chestnut-backed Sparrowlark, numerous in the grasslands north of Okaukuejo, but also seen at Sossusvlei (at least 40 birds) and along the road between Aus and Luderitz (about 35 at the Barlow's Lark site and many scattered flocks in the general area).

South Africa. Recorded on three occasions - eight birds at Brandvlei, five in the Karoo National Park and, in the Overburg, two in farmland north of Malgas.

Black-eared Sparrowlark (Black-eared Finchlark)

South Africa. Surprisingly abundant in the northern parts of Bushmanland: about ten at Brandvlei, but then many roadside flocks in the areas from Brandvlei to Kenhardt and Uppington to the Namibian border (though none seen in Namibia itself).

Greater Striped Swallow

Namibia. Common in the Windhoek area, unrecorded elsewhere. At the major sites around Windhoek, up to ten were seen at Daan Viljoen and up to eight at both Avis Dam and the sewage works.

South Africa. In Cape Province, this swallow was most numerous in the Karoo National Park, at De Hoop and in the Clanwilliam area (including Pakhuis Pass and Kransvlei Poort), each of these localities supporting at least 20 birds. Elsewhere, small flocks of up to five were noted at many sites, including Eierkop, Bain's Kloof, Paarl, Addo and Brandvlei. In the east of the country, they were common at Malalotja (Swaziland) and about 20 were also at Sani Pass, but otherwise just eight were at Wakkerstroom and several at Mkuzi.

Botswana. The only birds in Botswana were a few in the Nossob Valley in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Lesser Striped Swallow

Namibia. The only sighting was four birds alongside the Okavango River at Bagani.

South Africa. From Kruger in the north to Addo in the south, occasional birds (generally less than five) were seen a host of sites, mostly in either Swaziland or Kwazulu-Natal.

Botswana. Seen only in the south-east of the country, where common in the Gaborone area, including the suburban fringe of the town and sites such as Phakalane and Lobatse.

Mozambique. One bird, presumably a migrant, was noted on Benguera Island.

Red-breasted Swallow

Namibia. Scattered birds across northern areas, commencing with a pair at Nuamses in Etosha, thereafter followed by several near Oshikati, about 20 between Grootfontain and Rundu, four at Rundu itself and about eight on the road towards Zambia from Katima Mamila

South Africa. Not many sightings - in total, just two birds were seen in the south of Kruger, ten in the St Lucia to Cape Vidal area and a pair at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Of the 32 birds seen, most were in the Okavango Delta (eight in Moremi and 14 along the Boro) with the remainder around Gaborone (four at Kgoro Pan, another four at Bokaa Dam and two at Lobatse).

Mosque Swallow

Namibia. At Etosha, occasional pairs were seen in the Halali area and six together at Namutoni Camp. Elsewhere, the only pair of this localised swallow to be encountered were at Rundu.

Botswana. One record - in the Okavango, two birds were seen hawking over Dead Tree Island in Moremi.

South African Cliff Swallow

Namibia. Windhoek International Airport supports a breeding colony. More than 40 birds were present in mid-October, many collecting mud for their nests from the sprinkler-fed gardens - by late December, though, most birds seemed to have dispersed, only a single being seen. One bird was also seen at Walvis Bay.

South Africa. Three records: a pair in Uppington and singles at Clanwilliam and Wakkerstroom.

Barn Swallow (European Swallow)

Namibia. The most common swallow of the trip, becoming more abundant as the season progressed. Small numbers were seen at all sites visited, though the greatest concentrations were in Caprivi in December - including about 215 at Katima Mamila, 65 at Ngepi and 45 at Bagani.

South Africa. Seen throughout Cape Province, flocks of up to 20 at De Hoop, Eierkop and Addo were typical, but much higher numbers were also seen in some areas; for example, numerous at Augrabies and over 400 at Brandvlei. In the east of the country, Barn Swallows were even more abundant, occurring in very large numbers throughout Kruger, Swaziland, Wakkerstroom and most of Kwazulu-Natal.

Botswana. With roosts of many thousands at Ngotwane and KKK, plus at least a thousand on the Boteti, Botswana is clearly an important 'wintering' area for this northern migrant. Indeed, other than in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (where only small numbers were seen), Barn Swallows were one of the most numerous birds across the entire country, including throughout the south-east, at the Makgadikgadi Pans and in all the Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. Even despite the relatively late timing of my trip to Mozambique (finishing in the latter half of March), good numbers of Barn Swallows were still seen throughout the country, with the largest flocks being about 50 at Gorongosa, 40 at Rio Savane and 35 at the Save River.

Wire-tailed Swallow

Namibia. In the Caprivi Strip, four were seen at Kongola and up to four each day at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Two records: six on the Luvuvhu River in northern Kruger and four on the St Lucia estuary.

Botswana. In the Okavango, at least ten birds were seen at the campsite and along the river at Shakawe.

Mozambique. Other than two on the outskirts of Inhambane town, the other birds seen were in central Mozambique - at least 15 in the area around Gorongosa and a similar number at Rio Savane.

Pearl-breasted Swallow

Namibia. Over the freshwater lagoons, four were seen at Windhoek sewage farm on one occasion.

South Africa. Both sites in the Overberg, two birds were seen on the vlei at De Hoop and four on the river at Bontebok National Park.

White-throated Swallow

Namibia. Only recorded at two localities, but plentiful at both - about 20 on each visit to Windhoek sewage farm and a similar number at Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. In Cape Province, the best inland sites attracted up to 20 birds at Augrabies, ten at Clanwilliam and eight at both Paarl and Addo, whilst the coastal sites of Lambert's Bay, Eland's Bay, Veldriff and De Hoop each attracted up to five birds apiece. None were seen in Kwazulu-Natal, but pairs were noted at both Malalotja and Milwane in Swaziland.

Blue Swallow

South Africa. In South Africa, this highly-endangered swallow is now restricted to just a handful of sites and access is not encouraged in order to avoid undue disturbance. In Swaziland, however, the bird is still easy to see at Malalotja, where about 12 pairs breed in the protected grasslands. On my trip I saw Blue Swallows on each of my three days in the reserve - involving at least seven individuals, the best area appeared to be the grassland between the campsite and the log cabins (indeed, one bird hawked around the actual campsite each evening). If this area fails, the swallows were also seen along the top ridge en route to Malalotja Falls.

Black Saw-wing Swallow

South Africa. This forest swallow was most widespread in the east of the country, with sightings for the most part either in Kwazulu-Natal (five at Eshowe, four at Mkuzi, another four at Sani Pass and pairs at Bonamanzi and St Lucia) or in Swaziland (six at Milwane). That said, however, the bird was also easy to find in Cape Province and sightings included 12 in Kirstenbosch botanical gardens and four at Grootvadersbosch.

Banded Martin

Namibia. Banded Martins were only seen in Namibia on three occasions - five birds at Springbokfontain in Etosha and pairs on the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila and Okavango at Ngepi.

South Africa. In Cape Province, as well as two pairs at Lambert's Bay, a breeding colony of about ten pairs was found in the banks of the river at Veldriff. Over in the east, about 15 birds were also seen at Wakkerstroom and two at Malalotja in Swaziland.

Botswana. All records in the Okavango Delta, this bird was not particularly abundant - just a few in Moremi (primarily along the Maunachira River) and about 15 at Shakawe.

Sand Martin

Namibia. Not common, the only records were six at the sewage farm in Katima Mamila and four at Ngepi.

Botswana. After six at Phakalane and four at Lobatse, rather more were seen in the Okavango - several dotted around in Moremi and at least 30 at Shakawe.

Brown-throated Martin

Namibia. A patchy distribution for this waterside bird - whilst common on the Orange River and up to 15 at Windhoek sewage farm, only ten were seen on the River Cunene at Ruacana Falls and the sole record from all the rivers in the Caprivi was two at Ngepi.

South Africa. Fairly widespread in the Western Cape, with up to ten recorded at all West Coast sites and many additionally seen at Pakhuis Pass, De Hoop and Paarl. Away from the Western Cape, six were also noted at Sani Pass and five at Addo.

Botswana. Almost mirroring the occurrence of Sand Martin, though in slightly lower numbers, three were seen at Phakalane, several at Lobatse and, in the Okavango Delta, a few in Moremi and circa ten at Shakawe.

Mozambique. Several birds were noted whilst crossing the Limpopo Valley.

Rock Martin

Namibia. Common in rocky areas across the country, such as all the localities around Windhoek, Sossusvlei and Spitskoppe. Smaller numbers also seen at Aus, Etosha and Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. Across most of Cape Province, Rock Martins were common in mountainous and rocky areas, including at Augrabies, the Clanwilliam area, the Cape Peninsula, many sites in the Karoo and even adjacent to the vlei at De Hoop. In the east of the country, habitat is more lacking and the only records were about ten at Malalotja (Swaziland) and at least 25 along the cliffs at Sani Pass.

House Martin

Namibia. During a torrential tropical downpour, a flock of approximately 150 descended onto wires on the outskirts of Rundu town.

South Africa. Two records, both in the east - the first was actually in Swaziland (three birds at Malalotja) and the next in South Africa itself (two at Wakkerstroom).

Botswana. Most of the few records were in the Gaborone area - 11 at Lobatse, four at Ngotwane and a single at Phakalane. Other than these, the only birds seen were four in Moremi in the Okavango Delta.

Grey-rumped Swallow

South Africa. The only record was of four birds over the Sabie River in the south of Kruger National Park.

Botswana. Very much a special of the Okavango Delta, the most impressive record was of a pre-roost gathering of at least 120 birds at Guma Lagoon in the Pan Handle. Other than this, all records were of small numbers occasionally encountered along rivers and on the flood plains - two along the Maunachira, five on Dead Tree Island, three at Shakawe and a total of 19 along channels in the Guma area.

Black Cuckooshrike

Namibia. The only record was a female in woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. In the Kwazulu-Natal forests, four were seen at Mkuzi and three at Bonamanzi.

Mozambique. Two singles seen, the first at Tofo Beach and the second at Gorongosa Mountain.

Grey Cuckooshrike

South Africa. Seen from the aerial boardwalk, a single bird sitting quietly in the forest canopy at Eshowe was the only bird of the whole trip.

White-breasted Cuckooshrike

Namibia. In the Katima Mamila area, two were seen along the road towards the Zambian border.

Black-headed Oriole

Namibia. Records from each end of the Caprivi Strip, with one at Rundu and three at Katima Mamila (two at the sewage farm and one alongside the River Zambezi).

South Africa. Of the two records, one was in South Africa itself (two birds in the south of Kruger) and the second in Swaziland (four at Milwane).

Botswana. One sighting, a single in Moremi in the Okavango.

Mozambique. Seen from a bus window, two birds were noted in roadside forest just south of Inchope.

African Golden Oriole

Namibia. Katima Mamila was the sole locality for this species: one alongside the River Zambezi and a pair in woodland 20 km south of the town.

South Africa. Two birds were noted, both in the north of Kruger National Park.

Botswana. All in the Okavango Delta, a total of 11 birds were seen - four in woodland north of Maun, three in Moremi and singles along the Thamalakane, at Island Safari (Maun), along the Boro and at Shakawe.

Mozambique. In the low altitude forests below the village, a single bird was seen at Gorongosa Mountain.

European Golden Oriole

South Africa. Scattered across the northern half of Kruger, a total of seven birds were encountered whilst travelling in the national park. Additionally, a single was also seen at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. The only record was one on a river island at Guma.

Green-headed Oriole

Mozambique. Gorongosa Mountain holds the only population of Green-headed Orioles in Southern Africa and thus is probably the most sought-after species south of the Zambezi in Mozambique. Inhabiting the high altitude forests, I found this bird far from easy to see - a slog of several hours up the mountain was rewarded with only fleeting glimpses of a single bird. Probably, had I climbed to even higher altitudes, the birds would have been more forthcoming.

Fork-tailed Drongo

Namibia. With over 20 birds seen daily, this species was most frequent in Etosha National Park and throughout the Caprivi Strip. Elsewhere, though resident across much of the country, numbers were generally much lower - just one or two pairs at sites such as Avis Dam, Daan Viljoen, Spitskoppe, Twyfelfontain and Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. In Cape Province, apart from a few in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, this species only occurred in the southern coastal strip, where pairs were noted at De Hoop and Addo and singles at Constantia and Grootvadersbosch. In the east, the distribution was rather patchy - while common at Milwane, Mkuzi and in the northern half of Kruger, only a few were seen in southern parts of Kruger and very low numbers at Bonamanzi, St Lucia and Sani Pass.

Botswana. Common throughout the country, including the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, the Gaborone area, Francestown and the entire Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. In addition to about 20 at Gorongosa Mountain, a scatter of birds also occurred at coastal sites, including Tofo Beach, Barra and Rio Savane.

Square-tailed Drongo

South Africa. Common in the lowland forests of Kwazulu-Natal, at least ten were noted at Mkuzi, about 25 in the St Lucia to Cape Vidal area and a minimum of 15 at Bonamanzi. Away from these forests, the only record was a single in the south of Kruger.

Mozambique. On the climb up Gorongosa Mountain, about four birds were seen.

White-necked Raven

South Africa. Other than ten birds (including a flock of six) in the Overburg farmlands, all records were in typical mountainous or rocky terrain. On the Cape Peninsula, a total of nine were seen on Table Mountain and pairs at the Cape of Good Hope, Simon's Town and on Lion's Head, whilst further inland yet more pairs were noted at Citrusdal, Bain's Kloof, Karoo Poort, Katbakkies and Karoo National Park. In the east of the country, six were also seen at Malalotja in Swaziland and 12 at Sani Pass.

Mozambique. Three birds were recorded on the slopes of Gorongosa Mountain.

Pied Crow

Namibia. Though a common bird in both the Sossusvlei and Etosha areas, the only other record was of about 30 in the vicinity of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Appeared to be most common in the Springbok and Clanwilliam areas (abundant in the former, about 15 in Kransvlei Poort and four at Pakhuis Pass in the latter). Elsewhere, only occasional birds were noted, though several were seen in Kirstenbosch botanical gardens each visit and five were at St Lucia. Probably I forgot to write some birds down!

Botswana. While common in the Gaborone area and seen occasionally elsewhere, the sighting of a flock of 42 near Nata on the Makgadikgadi Pans was unusual for the sheer number of birds together.

Mozambique. Common in the south of the country and reasonably so in the coastal sites further north (for example, six were at Barra, two at Tofo Beach, five on Benguera Island and ten at Rio Savane).

Cape Crow (Black Crow)

Namibia. In Etosha National Park, Cape Crows were abundant in the grasslands north of Okaukuejo and also, though in lower numbers, present in some of the open plains in the Halali and Namutoni areas. Elsewhere, desert provided home for two at Sossusvlei, about 20 close to Solitaire and two near Aus.

South Africa. Though at opposing ends of the country, this species was common in both the semi-deserts north of Springbok and in the farmland of the Overburg. In addition, two were noted in the Karoo near the Doring River, six at Wakkerstroom and two on the high alpine meadow at Sani Pass.

Botswana. By far, the greatest numbers were seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park - in total, 67 were counted (35 in the Nossob Valley, 32 in the duneveld, but none at Mabuasehube). Elsewhere, 14 were seen on the arid grasslands at Kgoro Pan and two on the Makgadikgadi Pans at Nata.

House Crow

South Africa. A relatively recent arrival in South Africa, House Crows haven't chosen the most scenic of localities to make home - my sightings consisted of a single in the car park of Cape Town International Airport and two amongst the townships on the adjacent Cape Flats (don't stop here - it's not safe!).

Ashy Tit

Namibia. As well as singles at Sossusvlei and Rooibank, five Ashy Tits were also seen at both Spitskoppe and in Daan Viljoen National Park.

South Africa. A flock of four represented the only sighting in South Africa.

Botswana. The sole record was a single in the acacia scrub at Ngami.

Southern Grey Tit

South Africa. A bird of both the fynbos and desert scrub, five were noted at Springbok and pairs at Eland's Bay, Eierkop and near the Doring River.

Southern Black Tit

Namibia. All confined to the woodland in the Caprivi Strip, totals records consisted of pairs in the Okavango Valley at Bagani, Divundu and Mahango, plus three at Ngepi and, away from the Okavango, another three 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Common at Mkuzi, where at least 20 were noted, but otherwise the only birds seen in South Africa were four in central Kruger.

Botswana. Restricted to the Okavango Delta, the birds seen totalled six in Moremi (including two on Gadikwe Island), four in woodland north of Maun and one in the campsite at Island Safari in Maun.

Carp's Tit

Namibia. Four widely scattered records of this Namibian endemic: four at Twyfelfontain and pairs at Halali Camp in Etosha, Ruacana Falls and Daan Viljoen.

Cape Penduline Tit

Namibia. A single record of two on the Hoffmeyr Walk (Windhoek) was the only sighting in Namibia.

South Africa. Appeared to be fairly common at Lambert's Bay, where a flock of five was seen adjacent to the vlei and parties of three birds in the coastal fynbos both to the north and south of the town.

Arrow-marked Babbler

Namibia. At the two sites of Katima Mamila sewage farm and Ngepi, groups of four birds were seen.

South Africa. Three flocks, numbering eight, ten and at least 15 birds, were noted at widely separated localities within Kruger National Park.

Botswana. In scrub and woodland, about ten were noted at the koppies north of Francestown and, in the Okavango Delta, ten along the Thamalakane River, at least 15 north of Maun and five at Shakawe.

Mozambique. On the Inhambane peninsula, three were seen at Tofo Beach and about ten at Barra.

Black-faced Babbler

Namibia. An uncommon bird, confined to the north, the two records were a flock of six in the dry river valley at Twyfelfontain and at least twenty at Ruacana Falls.

Hartlaub's Babbler

Namibia. An abundant Caprivi and Okavango special. Often in excess of 25 were seen daily at both Rundu and Ngepi, while other records included 12 at Popa Falls, five at Bagani, six at Kongola and nine at Katima Mamila sewage farm.

Botswana. Though confined to the reedbeds of the Okavango Delta, Hartlaub's Babblers are both common and widespread in their chosen habitat. Many birds were seen throughout the area, including along the Thamalakane River, though were especially abundant in Moremi and along the river at Shakawe.

Bare-cheeked Babbler

Namibia. A bird restricted to the far north-east of Namibia, about 20 birds were foraging in Halali Camp at Etosha and an additional two at Ruacana Falls.

Southern Pied Babbler

Namibia. Whereas Bare-cheeked Babblers favoured Halali Camp in Etosha, this bird's domain was centred on Namutoni - about 20 were seen in the camp itself and five at the nearby Chudop waterhole.

Botswana. This arid-country bird was seen at the two opposing extremities of the country. In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, seven flocks were noted (none in the Nossob Valley, but four in the duneveld and three at Mabuasehube), while at the opposite end of the country, Okavango sightings included several flocks in Moremi, about 20 birds along the Thamalakane and four in the woodlands north of Maun.

Boulder Chat

South Africa. A traditional site for this species, a roadside stop at a point where koppies straddle the highway 62 km north of Francestown (on the road to Maun) quickly produced the required birds - scurrying around on the rocks, groups of three Boulder Chats gave good views on two adjacent koppies.

Cape Bulbul

South Africa. Endemic to the fynbos zone of the southern Cape, this bulbul was common in many habitats throughout its range, essentially Clanwilliam southwards, including at Pakhuis Pass, Lambert's Bay and all the coastal sites visited.

Dark-capped Bulbul (Black-eyed Bulbul)

Namibia. Only two birds were seen at Rundu, but thereafter were numerous in the remainder of the Caprivi Strip, notably throughout the Katima Mamila, Popa Falls and Ngepi areas.

South Africa. Common to abundant throughout the east, including in Johannesburg, Kruger National Park, Swaziland and all sites visited in Kwazulu-Natal.

Botswana. Though in the north of the country only, Dark-capped Bulbuls were nonetheless common, especially in the Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. Plentiful right the way through the country, including in the capital, at the coastal sites and at Gorongosa Mountain.

Red-eyed Bulbul

Namibia. Abundant across almost the entire country, though scarce along the coast and totally absent in the Caprivi Strip. At Ruacana Falls, however, two birds were seen.

South Africa. Replacing Cape Bulbul in the arid north and interior of Cape Province, this bird was common in the Springbok area, at Augrabies and in Karoo National Park.

Botswana. With its range extending across southern Botswana, several birds were seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and additionally many were noted in and around Gaborone.

Bush Blackcap

South Africa. All in the vicinity of the old trading post at the base of Sani Pass, this superb bird was seen on three occasions - three birds, followed by a pair, then another pair a few hundred metres further up the pass.

Terrestrial Brownbul (Terrestrial Bulbul)

Namibia. Common in the undergrowth of riverine forests alongside the Zambezi at Katima Mamila (about 15 birds) and the Okavango at Popa Falls (ten birds) and Ngepi (six).

South Africa. With the exception of eight at Pafuri at the northern extreme of Kruger, all birds were in the forests of Kwazulu-Natal - in addition to many at Bonamanzi and several at Eshowe, at least 20 were seen at St Lucia and about ten at both Cape Vidal and Mkuzi.

Botswana. Only seen at two localities, naturally both in the Okavango Delta - at least 20 were at Shakawe and a single on Gadikwe Island.

Mozambique. In central Mozambique, four were noted on Gorongosa Mountain and six in one of the remnant woodlands in the grasslands of Rio Savane.

Sombre Greenbul (Sombre Bulbul)

South Africa. Recorded at five sites in Cape Province (common at Kirstenbosch, at least 15 at Constantia, ten at Grootvadersbosch, three at Addo and a single at Bontebok N.P.) and four in lowland Kwazulu-Natal (abundant at Mkuzi, St Lucia, Cape Vidal and Bonamanzi).

Mozambique. Widespread, especially on the coast. The highest counts were 15 on Benguera Island and five at both Gorongosa Mountain and Rio Savane, though odd birds were also seen at Tofo Beach and Barra.

Yellow-bellied Greenbul (Yellow-bellied Bulbul)

Namibia. Another species confined to the riverine forests of the extreme north of Namibia - one was seen at Ruacana Falls, up to six daily at Katima Mamila and a couple at Ngepi.

South Africa. Like Sombre Greenbul, this species was abundant at all the lowland forests visited in Kwazulu-Natal (Mkuzi, St Lucia, Cape Vidal and Bonamanzi), but additionally was also common in the higher altitude forest at Eshowe.

Botswana. At least 15 were noted in the forests at Shakawe, but none elsewhere.

Mozambique. Only birds seen were four on Benguera Island.

Eastern Nicator (Yellow-spotted Nicator)

South Africa. Single Eastern Nicators were seen in the sand forest at Mkuzi and at Bonamanzi, with several more heard at both localities.

Mozambique. At Gorongosa Mountain, one bird was seen in the low altitude forest near the village.

Karoo Thrush

Namibia. The only record in Namibia was a single at the Orange River.

South Africa. In addition to ten in Karoo N.P., this bird was common in suburban gardens in Johannesburg.

Botswana. Though Karoo Thrushes are restricted to the extreme south-east of Botswana, they are common both in Gaborone and at neighbouring sites.

Southern Olive Thrush

South Africa. With at least ten in the botanical gardens, this bird was most common at Kirstenbosch. Elsewhere, about six were noted at Grootvadersbosch, three at both Constantia and in the north of Kruger and pairs or singles at Bontebok N.P., Addo, Sani Pass and Milwane (Swaziland).

Kurrichane Thrush

Namibia. Only seen at Rundu, where up to five were noted daily, including a nesting pair in the campsite.

South Africa. The total sightings amounted to six in northern Kruger and two at Milwane (Swaziland).

Botswana. In all Botswana, just four birds were seen - a single at Bokaa Dam and three at Francestown.

Groundscraper Thrush

Namibia. In the Windhoek area, up to three were seen per visit to Avis Dam, similar numbers also at the sewage farm and Daan Viljoen. Further afield, a single was at Twyfelfontain, a pair in Okaukuejo Camp at Etosha and three at Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. Not in South Africa itself, but a single was seen at Milwane in Swaziland.

Botswana. From opposite ends of the country, singles were seen at Lobatse and along the Thamalakane.

Spotted Ground Thrush

South Africa. This uncommon bird proved fairly easy to see at Eshowe, where a total of three were seen along the two trails through Dlinza Forest.

Cape Rock Thrush

South Africa. In Cape Province, this species was only seen at Pakhuis Pass, but not only was a single male found there, but also a pair feeding young in the nest. In the east, one bird was seen at Malalotja and at least 12 more in the lower reaches of Sani Pass (replaced at higher altitude by Sentinel Rock Thrush).

Sentinel Rock Thrush

South Africa. Best numbers were in the east, where two pairs were noted at Wakkerstroom and five individuals at Sani Pass (all in the higher areas up near the Lesotho border). The sole record in Cape Province was of a singing male atop the radio mask at the summit of Sir Lowry's Pass.

Short-toed Rock Thrush

Namibia. Common at Daan Viljoen, where up to 15 were seen, but otherwise just singles in the Karasburg Mountains and at Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. A speciality of the Karoo, Short-toed Rock Thrushes can be somewhat elusive, so the single seen on the escarpment in Karoo National Park was noteworthy.

Familiar Chat

Namibia. Common throughout most the country, but not in Caprivi. Best numbers were in excess of ten at Sossusvlei and at eight at Ruacana Falls, most other sites typically holding up to four or five birds.

South Africa. Present in most rocky and mountainous areas visited in Cape Province. Thus small numbers were seen from Augrabies and Springbok down to Clanwilliam and Pakhuis Pass, then also along the Cape Peninsula and at Sir Lowry's Pass, as well as De Hoop, Karoo N.P. and other sites in the Karoo and Bushmanland. In the east, not a common bird and the only sighting was four at Sani Pass.

Botswana. Scattered birds were seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, but not further into the country.

Mozambique. In what seemed strange habitat for this species, a single bird was noted in fairly dense forest on the upper slopes of Gorongosa Mountain.

Karoo Chat

Namibia. Two birds only, seen at the roadside in the Karasburg Mountains.

South Africa. The commonest chat on the plains surrounding the hillocks, at least 20 were seen at Eierkop. In addition, six were noted at Karoo N.P., five at Brandvlei, three on the Karoo side of Pakhuis Pass and pairs at Katbakkies and the Doring River.

Tractrac Chat

Namibia. This desert chat comes in two colour phases. The dark form, found inland, was recorded in groups of four at both Spitskoppe and 47 km east of Luderitz, whilst the pale form, almost pure white, is restricted to the coastal gravel plains. This latter form is the real jewel of the species; four were seen about 3 km east of Swakopmund sewage farm and a single at Cape Cross.

South Africa. Recorded in the Karoo and Bushmanland - at least 15 were in the Brandvlei area, four on the plains beyond the Doring River, two at the junction to Katbakkies and a further two inland of Eland's Bay.

Sickle-winged Chat

Namibia. Only recorded at a roadside stop close to Aus, where a single bird was noted.

South Africa. Seen in three localities - one bird at Brandvlei, four in Karoo N.P. and at least ten on the plateau above Sani Pass (in Lesotho).

Arnott's Chat

Botswana. This woodland chat was only seen in the Okavango Delta, where a pair were found feeding fledged young in Moremi (in the woodland between Xaxaba and the Kwai River).

Mountain Wheatear (Mountain Chat)

Namibia. Most birds of the white-capped form, Mountain Wheatears were common at Avis Dam, Daan Viljoen, the Orange River, through the Naukluft Mountains and at Spitskoppe (up to 20 birds at all sites). Elsewhere, five were logged around Solitaire and six at Aus.

South Africa. Best counts were at least 25 on the plains beyond the Doring River, 20 at Springbok and a minimum of 15 in the Karoo National Park. Elsewhere, the only birds were up to three daily at Pakhuis Pass, three at the top of Katbakkies and, the only ones seen in the east, two at Wakkerstroom.

Capped Wheatear

Namibia. My stop at the Barlow's Lark site, 47 km east of Luderitz, also produced the only Capped Wheatears in Namibia - an adult and three recently fledged young.

South Africa. On the West Coast, three were noted at Veldriff and pairs at both Lambert's Bay and Eland's Bay, whilst in the Overburg at least ten were encountered in the farmland areas and one at De Hoop.

Whinchat

Namibia. Very rare in southern Africa, a single bird in riverside meadow at Bagani was very noteworthy.

Stonechat

Namibia. Seen in meadows in the Caprivi Strip only - three alongside the River Kwando at Kongola, up to six daily at Ngepi and a single at Mahango.

South Africa. In Cape Province, many of the birds noted were in the fynbos of the West Coast (ten at Lambert's Bay, one at Eland's Bay and six in the West Coast N.P.), though a good number were also found in other habitats. In semi-mountainous areas, up to six were also seen daily at Pakhuis Pass and four at Clanwilliam; in the arid lands of the Karoo, two were recorded in the Karoo National Park and another near the Doring River; while in farmland, six were found in the Overburg. In the east of South Africa, Stonechats were essentially birds of altitude and records included about ten at Sani Pass, eight at Wakkerstroom and, in Swaziland, eight at Malalotja and two at Milwane.

Botswana. Restricted to the Okavango Delta and very much a bird of papyrus channels and damp riverside meadows. In total, about 21 birds were logged - 12 along the Maunachira, at least five at Shakawe, two at Sepupa and a further two at Guma.

Buff-streaked Chat

South Africa. Should have been encountered at Sani Pass, but in fact was only noted at Malalotja in Swaziland - across the boulder-strewn hill-slopes, the bird was common and at least 20 birds were seen.

(Southern) Ant-eating Chat

Namibia. A smattering of records across the country - two in the Naukluft Mountains, ten in the Karasburg Mountains and, at Etosha, four near Wolfsnes and six at Fischer's Pan.

South Africa. Widely recorded, the best numbers were about 20 at Wakkerstroom and 15 in the Karoo beyond the Doring River. Elsewhere, a single was noted at Springbok and pairs near Pakhuis Pass, at Brandvlei and in the Karoo National Park.

Botswana. In addition to several in Mabuasehube, five were seen at Kgoro Pan and two at Tali Pan.

Mocking Cliff-Chat

South Africa. Another bird seen only in Swaziland - three (a pair and a single) were noted at Malalotja.

Herero Chat

Namibia. An uncommon and very localised near-endemic to Namibia. At Spitskoppe, probably the best site in the country for the species, a long search finally revealed a pair in low acacias at the base of the rocky slopes. Having been found, however, and contrary to some reports, the birds were very confiding and gave excellent views.

Chorister Robin-Chat (Chorister Robin)

South Africa. Though apparently common in Kwazulu-Natal, the only bird seen was a singing individual near the beginning of the aerial boardwalk at Eshowe.

Red-capped Robin-Chat (Natal Robin)

South Africa. This attractive bird was fairly common in the forests of Kwazulu-Natal - one was seen and several heard at Mkuzi, about six seen at St Lucia, and three at both Cape Vidal and Bonamanzi.

White-throated Robin-Chat (White-throated Robin)

South Africa. Three birds were seen - one at Mkuzi and two at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Very responsive to 'pishing', a single in a Gaborone garden gave excellent views.

White-browed Robin-Chat (Heuglin's Robin)

Namibia. A skulker in dense riverine bush, the loud distinctive song aided the finding of three alongside the Zambezi at Katima Mamila and on the Okavango River, one at Popa Falls and two at Ngepi.

South Africa. In the east, one bird was seen in Kruger (along the river near Lower Sabie), two at Milwane in Swaziland and one at Mkuzi.

Botswana. Common in the riverine forests of the Okavango Delta, especially at Shakawe and Guma in the Pan Handle. In central parts of the Delta, records included one in the Island Safari campsite (Maun), two on Gadikwe Island (Moremi) and three along the Boro.

Cape Robin-Chat (Cape Robin)

Namibia. At the extreme south of the country, one was seen at the Orange River.

South Africa. Widespread and common, most numerous in bushland and gardens along the southern coast, including the Cape Town area, Cape Point, De Hoop, Grootvadersbosch and the Karoo National Park. Away from this heartland, the bird was also common at Augrabies, Clanwilliam and Pakhuis Pass, with records additionally occurring at Sani Pass (about eight birds) and Addo (a single).

Kalahari Scrub-Robin (Kalahari Robin)

Namibia. With at least 18 seen on the track up towards the Andoni Plains, Kalahari Scrub-Robins appeared quite common in the area north of Namutoni at Etosha.

South Africa. Only seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, where common on both sides of the border.

Botswana. In addition to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, where common from the Nossob Valley through to Mabuasehube, five were also seen at Kgoro Pan, several at Thalgale and two at the Francestown koppies.

White-browed Scrub-Robin (White-browed Robin)

Namibia. Scattered across the north, two records originated from Etosha (one near Halali and a second at Tsumcor), then the rest from the Caprivi (four at Bagani, two 20 km south of Katima Mamila, six at Ngepi and four at Divundu).

South Africa. One record only, a single at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Common both in the Gaborone area (particularly in the suburban gardens) and Moremi in the central Okavango. Several were also seen at Shakawe and two at the koppies north of Francestown.

Bearded Scrub-Robin (Eastern Bearded Robin)

Namibia. Another speciality of the Caprivi Strip - at least eight were seen at Rundu (most in the campsite), a minimum of four at Popa Falls and two at Ngepi.

South Africa. Following three in north Kruger, another three were noted at Mkuzi and two at Bonamanzi.

Karoo Scrub-Robin (Karoo Robin)

South Africa. The most common robin of the fynbos and Karoo scrubland. The highest counts were at least 15 at Springbok, well over 20 at both Lambert's Bay and Eland's Bay and minimums of ten at Augrabies, Brandvlei, around the Doring River and at Pakhuis Pass. Elsewhere, small numbers were also logged at Clanwilliam, Veldriff, De Hoop, Addo, Eierkop, Katbakkies and in the Overburg farmland.

Brown Scrub-Robin (Brown Robin)

South Africa. Though a skulker, this bird proved fairly easy to find at both St Lucia (a single along the trail from the iPhiva campsite to the sea) and Cape Vidal (two singing birds in the campsite, one frequently hopping around the tents at dawn).

Rufous-tailed Palm Thrush

Namibia. The only spot in southern Africa that this bird can be found is the Cunene River, thus the sole record was a single in riverside palm growth to the west of the campsite at Ruacana Falls. This was not the easiest bird to see, not only taking several hours to initially locate, but also sticking to thickets and so rarely giving prolonged views.

Collared Palm Thrush

South Africa. After a considerable searching of the palm savannah at Barra, one was eventually found in the front garden of Barra Lodge! Attracted by a termite emergence, the individual popped up several times, gave good views and also sat singing for some minutes.

Cape Rockjumper

South Africa. One of the very highly desirable birds of South Africa, a pair and an additional singing male were seen on the rocky slopes above Sir Lowry's Pass.

Drakensburg Rockjumper (Orange-breasted Rockjumper)

South Africa. Common at Sani Pass, at least six of these engaging birds were seen in the border zone between South Africa and Lesotho - indeed, as they hopped around on the opposite slope, several could be seen from the bar at the Sani Top Lodge!

Chestnut-vented Tit-Babbler

Namibia. Fairly common in the Windhoek area especially - close to the city, up to six were seen per visit to Avis Dam, two on the Hoffmeyr Walk and up to three at Daan Viljoen. Elsewhere, records were of six at Sossusvlei, six at Spitskoppe and two in Namutoni Camp, Etosha.

South Africa. One in the strandveld at Lambert's Bay was the lone record.

Botswana. In the south of the country, several were noted in Mabuasehube (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) and a single at Lobatse.

Layard's Tit-Babbler

Namibia. At least eight were seen at Spitskoppe, moving through scrub at the base of the mountain.

South Africa. Layard's Tit-Babblers were seen on eight occasions in South Africa: three birds at Eland's Bay, pairs at Springbok, Katbakkies and the Karoo National Park and singles at Pakhuis Pass (twice), along the Doring River and at Veldriff.

Garden Warbler

Namibia. Part of an influx of European migrants, a single was noted at Katima Mamila.

Botswana. One record only, a single at Guma in the Pan Handle of the Okavango Delta.

Common Whitethroat

Namibia. One bird was seen in woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

Botswana. This localised migrant was seen only in Moremi, where one was noted in a mixed party of birds.

Icterine Warbler

Namibia. Two birds were seen in Mahango and, further south, a single in the dry riverbed at Daan Viljoen.

Botswana. In the northern half of the country, eight birds were found - one at the Francestown koppies, two at Nata and, in the Okavango Delta, one on Gadikwe Island, three elsewhere in Moremi and two at Shakawe.

Olive-Tree Warbler

Botswana. Known as an important 'wintering' ground for this northern migrant, the thicker areas of acacia scrub between Xobe on the Boteti River and Maun rubbish tip hold significant numbers. Seeing them, however, is not so straightforward - the easiest way is to locate them by song at dawn or, easier still, by selective use of a tape lure. In one small area of bush, this approach provoked four birds into song, two of which eventually gave good views.

Great Reed Warbler

Namibia. Only noted at Katima Mamila, but common in the reeds of the town's sewage farm.

Botswana. A number of birds were seen at the various wetlands surrounding Gaborone, most particularly at Tsholofelo and Phakalane (eight birds were caught for ringing at this latter site). Away from Gaborone, the only birds were two at Shakawe.

African Reed Warbler (African Marsh Warbler)

Namibia. The most abundant warbler in many areas of waterside vegetation - good numbers at Windhoek sewage farm, Namutoni waterhole, Rundu, the Orange River and the mouth of the Swakop River.

South Africa. As well as several at Clanwilliam and Augrabies and at least 20 at Paarl, a minimum of three were also seen in a small patch of reeds at Katbakkies and a single at the Doring River.

Botswana. Only recorded at Phakalane, where a total of 13 were caught for ringing and more seen and heard.

Mozambique. One bird was seen at the base of Gorongosa Mountain.

Lesser Swamp Warbler (Cape Reed Warbler)

South Africa. Voice records only, several were singing at Eland's Bay and at least one at Pakhuis Pass.

Botswana. Eight birds were caught for ringing at Phakalane.

European Reed Warbler

Botswana. Though this bird has something of a mythical status amongst South African birders, it is probably a little more common than supposed - with the birds in the hand, biometrics confirmed the identification of three birds caught at Phakalane (this bird has been regular at Phakalane for several years).

European Sedge Warbler

Namibia. Sewage farms of the Caprivi Strip proved popular for this species, with more than 20 at Rundu and several at Katima Mamila. An additional single was seen at Windhoek sewage farm in December.

South Africa. Abundant in the Wakkerstroom area, but unrecorded in other places.

Botswana. A common bird in the Gaborone area, particularly at Tsholofelo and Phakalane (40 were caught for ringing at the latter site). Further north, they were also common at Shakawe, but elsewhere the only birds seen in the Okavango were two at Moremi.

Little Rush-Warbler (African Sedge Warbler)

Namibia. Several birds were noted in the reeds alongside the Orange River.

South Africa. In addition to five seen at Eland's Bay, two were also noted at Pakhuis Pass and one at Constantia (more were heard at each of these localities).

Botswana. One bird was caught for ringing at Phakalane and another was seen at Guma.

Barratt's Warbler

South Africa. When singing, this secretive bird emerges from its preferred nadir of thickets and offers the most realistic chance to get good views. However, the timing of my trip to Sani Pass didn't coincide with the singing season and, having searched in vain, it seemed I would miss this bird. Fortunately, though, whilst hitch-hiking down from Sani Pass, I met a South African birder who tried tape-luring the bird in the lower reaches of the pass (just above the South African border post) - immediate success, three birds were provoked into song, two of which proceeded to sit atop exposed branches and sing against each other.

Broad-tailed Warbler

South Africa. Two birds, both singing at dawn, gave good views as they climbed up grass stalks - one at Malalotja (Swaziland) and the second near the old trading post at the bottom of Sani Pass.

Knysna Warbler

South Africa. A very secretive bird, but nonetheless easy to locate by its loud distinctive song (similar to European Wood Warbler). As well as birds heard at Grootvadersbosch and Skeleton Gorge (Kirstenbosch), a pair were also seen in the Constantia greenbelts of Cape Town, one eventually giving good views.

Victorin's Warbler

South Africa. A single of this localised endemic was seen in the main gully at Sir Lowry's Pass, showing well before disappearing back into its dense vegetation habitat.

Moustached Grass Warbler

Mozambique. This rare and localised bird was only seen at Gorongosa Mountain - found in long grass flanking the road just below the village, a single gave good views.

Dark-capped Yellow Warbler (African Yellow Warbler)

South Africa. Near the old trading post at the bottom of Sani Pass, two birds were seen in the rank grassland.

Willow Warbler

Namibia. In Namibia, there were very few records of this European migrant - just three near Katima Mamila and one in Windhoek sewage farm.

South Africa. Widespread in the east of the country. However, other than ten at Mkuzi, birds were very thinly spread - just three to four birds scattered through various parts of Kruger, a couple at Malalotja (Swaziland), about four at St Lucia and one at Sani Pass.

Botswana. After three in the Gaborone area and three at the koppies north of Francestown, about 15 were seen at sites throughout the Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. Three birds were at Barra and six at Gorongosa Mountain.

Yellow-throated Warbler

South Africa. One record only of this forest bird - a single at Grootvadersbosch.

Red-faced Crombec

Mozambique. On the slopes of Gorongosa Mountain, shortly after a Long-billed Crombec had been seen, a Red-faced Crombec was also found in the mature forests.

Long-billed Crombec

Namibia. Scattered across central and northern Namibia, total records consisted of two at Halali (Etosha) and singles at Ruacana Falls, Ngepi and, in the Windhoek area, at the sewage farm and Hoffmeyr Walk.

South Africa. Encountered in small numbers at sites across the entire country, the records included four at Lambert's Bay, pairs at St Lucia and the Karoo N.P. and singles at Clanwilliam, Pakhuis Pass, Eshowe and in both the north and south of Kruger National Park.

Botswana. As well as four in the Maun area and one on a nest at Kweta, a pair was also noted in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) and singles at Lobatse and along the Boteti and Thamalakane Rivers.

Mozambique. Amazingly abundant in the Barra area, where at least 12 were seen in the immediate vicinity of Barra Lodge. Elsewhere, however, the only sighting was a single on Gorongosa Mountain.

Yellow-breasted Apalis

Namibia. In the Caprivi, two birds were seen at Katima Mamila and one in dry woodland near Ngepi.

South Africa. A total of 11 were noted in Kwazulu-Natal - four at Mkuzi, two at St Lucia, four at Bonamanzi and one at Eshowe.

Botswana. The only birds in Botswana were four in the mopane woodland north-east of Maun.

Mozambique. On the coast, pairs were seen at both Barra and Rio Savane.

Rudd's Apalis

South Africa. Coexisting with Yellow-breasted Apalis, though a little less common, pairs of this attractive bird were seen at Cape Vidal and Bonamanzi and singles at Mkuzi and St Lucia.

Bar-throated Apalis

South Africa. Widespread in the fynbos zone: three at Lambert's Bay, one in scrub in the Overburg farmland, eight at De Hoop and several at Bontebok N.P.

Burnt-necked Eremomela

South Africa. Recorded only at Mkuzi, but three separate individuals there.

Botswana. In the Okavango, two birds were seen in Moremi and one in the Sitatunga campsite (near Maun).

Yellow-bellied Eremomela

Namibia. Fairly common in the arid thornveld of central Namibia - lone birds at Aus, Spitskoppe, Twyfelfontain and the Petrified Forest, as well as two in Etosha (one in each Okaukuejo and Halali camps) and three in the Windhoek area (two on the Hoffmeyr Walk, another at Avis Dam).

South Africa. Other than several in the South African section of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Brandvlei held the only birds seen in the country (four on the first visit, six on the second).

Botswana. Though sightings were restricted to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, several were noted there in both the Nossob Valley and Mabuasehube.

Karoo Eremomela

South Africa. At the base of the hillock, a pair of Karoo Eremomelas were discovered foraging in the low scrub at Eierkop.

Grey-backed Camaroptera (Grey-backed Bleating Warbler)

Namibia. Most abundant in the far north, where in addition to two at Ruacana Falls, many birds were seen in the Caprivi - best tallies being up to six daily at Rundu and up to 15 a day in the Katima Mamila area, with pairs also seen at Bagani and Ngepi. Away from the extreme north, the only records were three at Etosha (two in Halali Camp and one in Namutoni Camp).

Botswana. After occasional birds from Francestown northwards, Grey-backed Camaropteras became commonplace in the Okavango, recorded in all areas from Maun to Moremi and throughout the Pan Handle.

Mozambique. In central Mozambique, four were seen on the slopes of Gorongosa Mountain.

Green-backed Camaroptera (Green-backed Bleating Warbler)

South Africa. This species was common at most sites visited in the eastern part of South Africa, including throughout the north and centre of Kruger National Park and across much of Kwazulu-Natal (notably Mkuzi, St Lucia, Cape Vidal, Bonamanzi and Eshowe).

African Wren-Warbler (African Barred Warbler)

Namibia. All records were in the Windhoek area and, though supposedly resident, only in December - two singles at Daan Viljoen, one at Avis Dam and one on the Hoffmeyr Walk.

Cinnamon-breasted Warbler

South Africa. This rock-dweller was seen at Springbok and Katbakkies, on both occasions involving singles scuttling from boulder to boulder.

Cape Grassbird

South Africa. In Cape Province, Grassbirds are relatively common in suitable areas of rank grassland. In total, birds were recorded at five sites - several on Table Mountain, at least three at Pakhuis Pass, two at Swartberg Pass and singles at Kransvlei Poort and at the Cape of Good Hope.

Rockrunner

Namibia. This stunning endemic is easy in craggy areas in the Windhoek region - one or two were seen on each visit to the Hoffmeyr Walk, plus up to five per trip to Avis Dam and, in the greatest numbers of all, up to nine at Daan Viljoen.

Zitting Cisticola (Fan-tailed Cisticola)

Namibia. A grassland warbler, common in three areas - Avis Dam, the Orange River and Ngepi. At all three sites, a typical visit could see in excess of 15 birds.

South Africa. In addition to odd birds in the northern half of Kruger, Zitting Cisticolas were fairly common at Malalotja (Swaziland) and also common at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Common at Lobatse and along the Thamalakane, possibly overlooked at a couple of other sites.

Mozambique. Small numbers were seen alongside the airstrip on Benguera Island (at least ten) and many in the extensive grasslands at Rio Savane.

Desert Cisticola

Namibia. Two at Springbokfontain in Etosha were the only confirmed birds.

Botswana. Recorded in both the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (odd birds in the duneveld and at Mabuasehube) and at Makgadikgadi Pans (common in the extensive grasslands at Nata).

Cloud Cisticola

South Africa. Appeared to be fairly common in the agricultural fields of the Overburg, with several positively identified and many others flitting up also presumed to be of this species. Several were also noted at Wakkerstroom.

Wing-snapping Cisticola (Ayres' Cisticola)

South Africa. In the east, Wing-snapping Cisticolas were common in the rolling grasslands at Malalotja (Swaziland) and abundant in the agricultural fields at Wakkerstroom.

Pale-crowned Cisticola

South Africa. Each requiring the car to come to a sudden stop, several were positively identified at Wakkerstroom and, for the sake of the tyres, a lot more got written down as 'probables'! Further south-east, two were also seen at the lower end of Sani Pass.

Neddicky

South Africa. In Cape Province, about five birds were seen (and more heard) on both Table Mountain and the adjacent Lion's Head, with three also noted at Pakhuis Pass. In the east of the country, the birds were common at Mkuzi, but otherwise only seen in Swaziland, where two were seen at Malalotja.

Botswana. Two widely separated records - two birds were noted at Otse in the Gaborone area and three in woodland north of Maun in the Okavango.

Grey-backed Cisticola

South Africa. Grey-backed Cisticolas were very common in the strandveld at Lambert's Bay and Veldriff, with several also seen at Springbok, Eierkop and Pakhuis Pass and at least ten at both Brandvlei and around the Doring River. Finally, six were seen at Addo.

Wailing Cisticola

South Africa. Common in two areas - in the drier parts of Malalotja (Swaziland) and in lower Sani Pass.

Tinkling Cisticola

Namibia. Two birds were found in dry woodland a couple of kilometres west of Ngepi.

Botswana. One record - three birds in woodland on Gadikwe Island in the Okavango Delta.

Croaking Cisticola

South Africa. Not seen in South Africa itself, but Swaziland - four at Malalotja and two at Milwane.

Rattling Cisticola

Namibia. Recorded in two widely separated localities: at Avis Dam, several were present; and at Divundu, at least six birds were found.

South Africa. Noted at several sites in the east of the country, Rattling Cisticolas were most common at St Lucia, though also occurred in smaller numbers in central Kruger, at Cape Vidal and at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Common in the Gaborone area, then in the Okavango, several were noted in the drier regions of Moremi and four on Xhobega Island.

Mozambique. Stops anywhere in the extensive woodlands stretching from Vilankulo up to Inchope should produce this bird. Several were seen from the roadside.

Lazy Cisticola

South Africa. Having missed Lazy Cisticola at Kgale Hill in Botswana, it was rewarding to find three at Malalotja in Swaziland. The birds favoured a steep boulder-covered hillside dotted by clumps of small trees.

Rufous-winged Cisticola (formerly part of Black-backed Cisticola)

Mozambique. Appeared to be common along the Mozambique coast - at least 15 were seen in the reedbed behind Tofo Beach and a minimum of five at Rio Savane.

Luapula Cisticola (formerly part of Black-backed Cisticola)

Namibia. A cisticola of marshland, at least six were seen adjacent to the River Zambezi just north of Katima Mamila and up to eight daily in the vleis at Ngepi.

Botswana. In the reedbeds of the Okavango Delta, several were seen at both Moremi and Guma.

Chirping Cisticola

Namibia. With its population centred on the Okavango, a single of this reed-dweller was seen at Rundu and two more at Ngepi.

Botswana. Abundant in the Okavango Delta, many of these birds were seen in the reeds along the rivers and channels in Moremi and throughout the Pan Handle.

Levaillant's Cisticola

South Africa. Another cisticola of damp habitats, this species was common at Pakhuis Pass, Veldriff, wetter parts of Malalotja (Swaziland) and Wakkerstroom, with additional small numbers at Sani Pass (several), Kruger (two in the north), Katbakkies (two on a small reeded pool) and Constantia (one).

Red-faced Cisticola

Namibia. The extreme eastern tip of the Caprivi Strip holds the only populations of this species in Namibia. Sharing reedbeds with Black-backed Cisticolas, two birds were seen in riverside meadows just north of Katima Mamila (on the road towards Zambia).

Mozambique. At Gorongosa Mountain, several birds were noted in damp grassy areas alongside streams at low altitude.

Singing Cisticola

Mozambique. Localised and uncommon, this is one of the key species at Gorongosa Mountain - inhabiting long grass, at least four birds were seen.

Red-winged Cisticola

Mozambique. In a grassy woodland clearing midway up the mountain, a single bird was noted at Gorongosa.

Rufous-eared Warbler

Namibia. In roadside scrub, two birds were found at Keetmanshoop, close to the junction to Luderitz.

South Africa. This most attractive bird was extremely abundant at Eierkop, running mouse-like between the bushes. Elsewhere in the Karoo, at least 40 were also seen in the Brandvlei area, an absolute minimum of 15 on the plains beyond the Doring River and five in the Karoo National Park.

Botswana. Two at Kgoro Pan were the only birds seen in Botswana.

Tawny-flanked Prinia

Namibia. With about eight seen in the Katima Mamila area and pairs at Ruacana Falls, Rundu, Ngepi and Divundu, this was the most northerly of the prinias in Namibia,

South Africa. With its range restricted to eastern parts of South Africa, the only records were in Kruger (sporadic in the north, common in the centre) and at St Lucia (about five birds).

Botswana. In the Gaborone area, this bird was common at Phakalane, whilst in the north it was also common in Moremi and fairly common at Shakawe.

Mozambique. Common in the Gorongosa area, but otherwise only seen at Tofo Beach (about ten daily) and Barra (five).

Black-chested Prinia

Namibia. Reasonably common across the thornveld of central and south Namibia, with daily counts of about ten at Avis Dam, the Orange River, Etosha and the mouth of the Swakop River. Smaller numbers were logged at numerous other localities, including the Hoffmeyr Walk, Naukluft Mountains and Spitskoppe.

South Africa. As well as being common at Augrabies Falls and in the South African part of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, four birds were also noted at Brandvlei (at the southern end of their range).

Botswana. Common both throughout the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and around Gaborone.

Drakensburg Prinia

South Africa. Only two birds were seen - one at Malalotja (Swaziland) and another at Sani Pass.

Karoo Prinia (Spotted Prinia)

South Africa. Abundant across almost the entire Cape Province, including Springbok, Clanwilliam, the West Coast, the Cape Peninsula, De Hoop, the Karoo and Bushmanland.

Namaqua Warbler (Namaqua Prinia)

South Africa. At a classic site for the species, a roadside stop at a phragmites reedbed at Karoo Poort produced views of a single bird, with more heard singing. Later, another two birds were seen at the Doring River, followed by several calling at Augrabies and finally two more seen at Swartberg Pass.

Fairy Flycatcher

South Africa. This attractive bird was most common at Clanwilliam (nine birds) and along the Doring River (six). Elsewhere, pairs were seen at Pakhuis Pass, Karoo N.P. and Eierkop (the latter pair feeding recently fledged young). A single was also found at Katbakkies.

Dusky Flycatcher

South Africa. A resident of evergreen forest, at least 20 Dusky Flycatchers seen were at Grootvadersbosch, eight in the Constantia greenbelts and pairs at Kirstenbosch, Sani Pass and by the river in Bontebok N.P.

Ashy Flycatcher (Blue-grey Flycatcher)

Namibia. Another riverine forest bird restricted to the far north, the only record being a pair feeding fledged young alongside the Zambezi at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. A single at Cape Vidal was the only bird seen in South Africa.

Mozambique. Low altitude forest at Gorongosa held at least three birds (along the road below the village).

Grey Tit-Flycatcher (Fan-tailed Flycatcher)

Mozambique. Flitting through the canopy, one bird was seen in mid-altitude forest at Gorongosa Mountain.

Spotted Flycatcher

Namibia. Both in the Caprivi Strip, single birds were noted at Rundu and Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Though only three were noted in Cape Province (two at Pakhuis Pass and one at Augrabies), the species was more numerous in the east of the country (common at Mkuzi, about 12 scattered through Kruger and two at Bonamanzi).

Botswana. One of the most widespread of the Eurasian migrants - singles and pairs were seen at almost all localities across the country from the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and Gaborone up to Francestown and Nata. Further north, in the Okavango Delta, Spotted Flycatchers were even more abundant and, amongst the many records, over 20 were noted in the woodlands north of Maun and at least 25 in Moremi.

Mozambique. One record only: two birds on Benguera Island.

Southern Black Flycatcher

Namibia. At the extreme western point of its range, a single was noted in woodland downriver of Ngepi.

South Africa. In the east, six birds were noted in Kruger National Park (most in the south), eight at Milwane (Swaziland) and several at Mkuzi.

Botswana. In the Pan Handle of the Okavango Delta, one bird was noted at Guma.

Mozambique. Three birds seen in total - one at Barra and two at Gorongosa Mountain.

Fiscal Flycatcher

South Africa. A wide scatter of records in Cape Province: two pairs at Pakhuis Pass, a pair with young at Kransvlei Poort, common throughout the Overburg (including the farmland, De Hoop and Bontebok), plus five at Grootvadersbosch and singles at Lambert's Bay on each visit and at Bain's Kloof.

Chat Flycatcher

Namibia. En route to Sossusvlei, a pair were seen while passing through the Naukluft Mountains.

South Africa. With at least 15 birds, Brandvlei was the hotspot for this species. Elsewhere, two were also seen in the Karoo National Park.

Botswana. Though only seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, a total of three pairs were noted around the pans at Mabuasehube.

Marico Flycatcher

Namibia. Most common at Etosha, where frequent in Okaukuejo Camp and, in lesser numbers (about five a day) through the rest of the park. In other localities, single birds were seen at Avis Dam and Rundu and up to four on both visits to Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Only seen in the South African sector of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Botswana. Scattered birds were seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (including both the Nossob Valley and Mabuasehube) and in the Okavango Delta (about ten in Moremi).

Pale Flycatcher (Mouse-coloured Flycatcher)

Namibia. In the Okavango Valley, one individual was seen in dry woodland west of Ngepi.

Mozambique. On the edge of the mangrove woodlands, one bird was noted at Barra.

African Paradise Flycatcher

Namibia. Common at sites along the Caprivi Strip - up to five daily at Rundu (including a nesting pair in the campsite), singles at Bagani and Katima Mamila, at least five per day at Ngepi and three at Popa Falls.

South Africa. In Cape Province, a minimum of 15 were seen in the forest reserve at Grootvadersbosch, up to five in the botanical gardens at Kirstenbosch, six in the Constantia greenbelts and a single at Bontebok N.P. In the eastern half of South Africa, nine were scattered through Kruger, at least six at Mkuzi, two at St Lucia and singles at Malalotja (Swaziland) and Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Particularly abundant in the Okavango Delta, where many were seen on the islands and rivers in Moremi and the Pan Handle, with smaller numbers also in the Maun area. Away from the Okavango, the only bird seen was a single on Kgale Hill in Gaborone.

Mozambique. Five birds seen - two on Benguera Island and three at Gorongosa Mountain.

Blue-mantled Flycatcher

South Africa. As well as a single seen at Grootvadersbosch, birds were also heard calling at Bonamanzi.

Pririt Batis

Namibia. Recorded throughout the Windhoek area, but nowhere else. Total sighting amounted to a female at the sewage farm, a pair on two occasions at Avis Dam, up to four at Daan Viljoen on both visits and a pair on the Hoffmeyr Walk.

South Africa. Seen at two sites in the arid interior - three birds at Katbakkies and a single at Brandvlei.

Botswana. All in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, one was seen in the duneveld and three at Mabuasehube.

Cape Batis

South Africa. A fairly common endemic in the south and east. Best counts were a minimum of 25 at Grootvadersbosch and 12 in the Constantia greenbelts, though up five were also seen at Kirstenbosch on each visit, another five at Sani Pass and singles or pairs at Pakhuis Pass, Clanwilliam and Malalotja (Swaziland).

Woodward's Batis

South Africa. A Kwazulu special, at least eight were seen at St Lucia (most on the trail adjacent to iPhiva campsite) and a further two at Cape Vidal.

Chinspot Batis

Namibia. Only one sighting in Namibia - a pair feeding fledged young in woodland alongside the River Zambezi north of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. A total of nine were seen in Kruger National Park (more or less evenly spread across the reserve), with a further six also noted at Mkuzi.

Botswana. As well as two at Tsholofelo and four at both Kgale Hill and at the koppies north of Francestown, Chinspot Batis were common throughout the Okavango Delta, where the distinctive call could be heard (and the bird sometimes seen) at almost all localities, though particularly in Moremi.

Pale Batis (Mozambique Batis)

Mozambique. This small batis was only seen at Gorongosa, where a pair of birds were seen in the forests on the higher slopes of the mountain.

Black-throated Wattle-eye (Wattle-eyed Flycatcher)

Mozambique. Recorded at three localities in Mozambique - a pair in the garden of Barra Lodge, five on the slopes of Gorongosa Mountain and two at Rio Savane.

Cape Wagtail

Namibia. Common in the Windhoek area (Avis Dam, the sewage farm and Daan Viljoen), as well as at Luderitz and the Orange River. Elsewhere, pairs were noted at Swakopmund, Popa Falls and Ngepi.

South Africa. Numerous at De Hoop, common at Lambert's Bay, Clanwilliam and Augrabies, with several also at the Cape of Good Hope, Pakhuis Pass and Addo, this bird was certainly more frequent in Cape Province than in Kwazulu-Natal. Records in the eastern provinces amounted to at least ten at Sani Pass, but otherwise just three at St Lucia, two at Cape Vidal and a single at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Not very abundant - only records were several were seen in and around Gaborone and a total of 25 logged in the Okavango Delta (typically along rivers and channels).

African Pied Wagtail

Namibia. A bird of large rivers, the lack of habitat confines this species to the far north and far south of the country. In addition to a bird on the Orange River, at least three were seen on the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila and, on the Okavango River, one at Bagani, six at Popa Falls and four daily at Ngepi.

South Africa. While there was only a single record in Cape Province (one bird flitting back and forth across the Orange River at the Namibian border), a total of 20 were seen in the east - 14 on the major rivers of Kruger National Park, four at Milwane in Swaziland and two at St Lucia.

Mozambique. Two birds were seen on the road bridge over the River Save.

Yellow Wagtail

Namibia. A total of five birds were seen in Caprivi, two at Kongola and three at Ngepi.

Botswana. All in the Okavango Delta, a total of nine were seen along the Thamalakane River, a flock of 18 on Dead Tree Island in Moremi and three at Guma.

African Pipit (Grassveld Pipit)

Namibia. Several birds were seen most visits to Avis Dam, plus four at Rietfontain in Etosha, at least five at Mahango and pairs at Rundu and Ngepi.

South Africa. Common at Wakkerstroom, but otherwise all were records in Cape Province - eight at Addo, four at Lambert's Bay and pairs in farmland below Kransvlei Poort, in the Overburg and at Veldriff.

Botswana. Widespread and generally common - best totals were at Bokaa Dam and the dry Lake Ngami (a minimum of 30 at each), though small flocks were also seen at several of the Gaborone sites, on the Makgadikgadi Pans and throughout drier parts of the Okavango Delta.

Mozambique. In coastal areas, four were seen both on the outskirts of Inhambane and at Tofo Beach, six on Benguera Island and three at Rio Savane.

Plain-backed Pipit

Namibia. Two sightings, both in Caprivi: one bird near the Kwando River at Kongola and three in Mahango.

South Africa. As well as three at Malalotja (Swaziland), pairs were also noted at Wakkerstroom and Addo.

Botswana. In the Okavango, a single was found on the Boteti River, three along the Boro and two at Guma.

Mountain Pipit

South Africa. Actually in Lesotho, a pair were found on the alpine meadows on the plateau above Sani Pass.

Buffy Pipit

Botswana. The only record of the entire trip was a pair feeding on rough ground in the rather less than beautiful setting of Gaborone rubbish tip (adjacent to Tsholofelo).

Long-billed Pipit

Namibia. Long-billed Pipits were seen on both visits to Daan Viljoen - a pair on the first visit and a single on the next. Unrecorded elsewhere.

South Africa. Two birds were seen in farmland in the Overburg (very close to De Hoop), another two in the Karoo National Park and a single at Augrabies.

Yellow-tufted Pipit (African Rock Pipit)

South Africa. Not searched for at Wakkerstroom and missed at Sani Pass, Karoo National Park provided the only record of the trip - a very obliging bird at the top of the escarpment.

Short-tailed Pipit

Mozambique. One of the target birds at Rio Savane, this bird was actually very easy to find in the extensive grasslands - at least four birds were displaying in the early morning, seeming to prefer slightly drier areas of grass interspersed by occasional bushes (all were actually seen in the last open areas of grass before you get to the mangroves preceding the parking area).

Yellow-breasted Pipit

South Africa. The famous 'pipit field' at Wakkerstroom turned up trumps, with at least three noted in that fabled meadow and about four more in the fields further along the same road.

Yellow-throated Longclaw

South Africa. Most of the Yellow-throated Longclaws seen were in Swaziland, where the bird was fairly common at Malalotja and moderately so at Milwane (about ten at the latter). In addition, in Kwazulu-Natal, eight were seen in the St Lucia to Cape Vidal area and two at Bonamanzi.

Mozambique. In coverage of one mere fraction of the extensive habitat available, a minimum of ten birds were noted in the grasslands at Rio Savane.

Cape Longclaw (Orange-throated Longclaw)

South Africa. Although recorded in the greatest numbers in the east of the country (at least 20 at Wakkerstroom and about 30 at Malalotja in Swaziland), it was in Cape Province that they actually occurred in a greater number of locations (three birds in the Overburg and singles at Veldriff, Kransvlei Poort and near Pakhuis Pass).

Rosy-throated Longclaw (Pink-throated Longclaw)

Namibia. A localised species, confined in Namibia to the Caprivi Strip - the sole record on my trip being four in damp meadows near Ngepi.

Magpie Shrike (Long-tailed Shrike)

Namibia. Particularly common in the Rundu area, where up to 20 could be seen per day. Elsewhere in the Caprivi, this dramatic species was also recorded at Mahango (two birds) and in the Katima Mamila area (six on the road towards the Zambian border, two at the sewage farm and two 20 km south of the town).

South Africa. Five birds in the north of Kruger were the only ones seen in the country.

Botswana. With a total of 35 birds seen, ranging from the Maun rivers in the south to near Shakawe in the Pan Handle, Magpie Shrikes were widely recorded in the Okavango Delta. That said, however, they were most common in the heart of the Delta, i.e. Moremi and the Boro, and it was in these two areas that 22 of the birds were noted.

Sousa's Shrike

Namibia. A rare vagrant to southern Africa, this was a special find of the trip. Associating with a major influx of the superficially similar Red-backed Shrikes, a single was found in open woodland near Rundu sewage farm on 27th November.

Red-backed Shrike

Namibia. Abundant from late-November onwards, with the best numbers being at least 30 per day at Rundu. Thereafter, singles or pairs were seen throughout the Caprivi, including in the Caprivi Game Park, at Katima Mamila, Kongola, Ngepi, Mahango and Divundu. By the second week of December, birds were penetrating into the Windhoek area, with up to five at Avis Dam and singles on the Hoffmeyr Walk and at Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Of the 23 birds logged in South Africa, 19 were in Kruger National Park and were fairly evenly scattered across the reserve from north to south. The remainder were all singles and occurred at St Lucia, Cape Vidal, Bonamanzi and Addo.

Botswana. Fairly common and recorded in virtually every corner of the country. The highest concentrations were in the Gaborone area, including at least 15 at the single site of Lobatse, and along the entire length of the road between Ngami and Shakawe in the Okavango (strangely, however, not one was seen in Moremi).

Mozambique. Probably northbound migrants, total records consisted of one at Tofo Beach, two on Benguera Island and a loose flock of eight at Rio Savane.

Lesser Grey Shrike

Namibia. Following a very similar arrival pattern to Red-backed Shrike, but on a much smaller scale, the first two birds were at Rundu in late November, with another some days later at Divundu. Subsequently, reaching the Windhoek area in the second week of December, up to two were seen at Avis Dam.

South Africa. Only records were birds in the South African part of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Botswana. Records were divided between the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (three in the Nossob and one at Mabuasehube), Gaborone (about 11 birds scattered around), Nata (two) and the western edge of the Okavango Delta (about ten between Ngami and Shakawe).

Common Fiscal (Fiscal Shrike)

Namibia. In addition to scattered singles in the Okaukuejo area of Etosha and one at Solitaire, this shrike was common in the region around Spitskoppe.

South Africa. A common bird in Cape Province, most plentiful in the farmland areas stretching north of Cape Town as far as Clanwilliam and eastwards across the Overburg and onward to the Karoo N.P. and Addo. Away from these areas, several were also noted at Pakhuis Pass, two at Lambert's Bay and singles at Springbok, Constantia and Paarl. In the east of South Africa, Common Fiscals were far less abundant and total records amounted to four at both Wakkerstroom and Sani Pass and, in Swaziland, three at Malalotja and two at Milwane.

Botswana. Not a common bird in Botswana, just six birds were seen - two at Lobatse and four at Kgoro Pan.

Crimson-breasted Shrike

Namibia. The national bird of Namibia and a stunning one at that! Fortunately, not too difficult to see - the best place was eastern end of Etosha, where eight were seen at Namutoni Camp, two at Kalkheuwel and four at Chudop waterhole. Away from Etosha, a single was seen at Rundu and, around Windhoek, two on the Hoffmeyr Walk and one at Avis Dam.

Botswana. Mostly in the south, three were seen in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (one in the duneveld, two at Mabuasehube) and several in and around Gaborone. In the north, however, two were also seen in the Okavango area (one in woodland north of Maun, one near Ngami).

Southern Boubou

South Africa. In Cape Province, other than four at Kransvlei Poort and four at Addo, all birds were on the Cape Peninsula - two at Simon's Town (by the penguin colony), two at Cape Point and a single at Kirstenbosch. In Kwazulu-Natal, at least six were also noted at Bonamanzi and one at Sani Pass.

Mozambique. Confined to the southern parts of the country, six were seen at Barra and four at Tofo Beach.

Tropical Boubou

Namibia. With its Namibian range limited to eastern Caprivi, the one record was a single in riverine forest alongside the Zambezi at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Four individuals were noted in the Pafuri area of northern Kruger.

Botswana. Occurring only in the extreme east, four birds were seen in the Marang campsite in Francestown.

Mozambique. Only recorded at Rio Savane, where at least four were noted in a small wooded area.

Swamp Boubou

Namibia. Along the northern rivers, several were seen at Ruacana Falls, at least eight at Rundu, a single at Kongola and two at Ngepi.

Botswana. With the Okavango the heartland of its range, this species was naturally abundant in the extensive papyrus swamps and riverside thickets. Though the majority of birds were noted in Moremi, along the Boro and in the Pan Handle, occasionals were also seen around Maun, including three in Island Safari campsite.

Black-crowned Tchagra

Namibia. A single record, one just north of Halali Camp in Etosha.

South Africa. As well as three Black-crowned Tchagras in the north and centre of Kruger National Park, two were also noted at Mkuzi.

Botswana. Not common, only a single bird in open woodland north of Maun was seen.

Mozambique. Singles were noted at Barra, on Benguera Island and at Rio Savane.

Brown-crowned Tchagra (Three-streaked Tchagra)

Namibia. Distributed across the country, the few records consisted of one at Halali Camp in Etosha, three at Katima Mamila and singles at Ngepi and Avis Dam.

South Africa. Just a single record, one bird in central Kruger.

Botswana. In contrast to Black-crowned Tchagra, this species was common in the Okavango Delta, with many seen (and more heard) throughout Moremi and the Pan Handle. In addition, a single was also encountered at the koppies north of Francestown.

Mozambique. Four birds were seen - one on Benguera Island and three on Gorongosa Mountain.

Southern Tchagra

South Africa. Although it took a search of several hours, the milkwood thickets around the campsite at De Hoop eventually paid dividends when not one, but two pairs of Southern Tchagra finally popped out on the path and gave excellent views. With rather less effort, a pair were also seen from the comfort of the car whilst game-driving at Addo.

Bokmakierie

Namibia. Only seen in two widely separated localities - three birds at Spitskoppe and another three in roadside scrub at the Luderitz junction near Keetmanshoop.

South Africa. Bokmakieries were particularly abundant at Springbok, Clanwilliam and in the strandveld at Lambert's Bay (each locality holding in excess of ten birds). Elsewhere in Cape Province, up to five were seen daily at Pakhuis Pass, six around the Doring River, five at Addo and pairs at De Hoop, Bontebok N.P. and Eierkop. In the east of the country, whilst less common, three birds were seen in Swaziland (two at Malalotja and one at Milwane), another three at Wakkerstroom and four at Sani Pass.

Gorgeous Bush-Shrike

South Africa. Though calling birds were heard at both Malalotja and Bonamanzi, it was only at Mkuzi that this bird truly lived up to its name and revealed itself for admiration. That said, however, although three were seen, all required effort to get good views - a pair in Fig Forest popped up largely thanks to the skilful forest guide who mimicked their call, whilst another bird required a crawl through the thickest bush imaginable!

Grey-headed Bush-Shrike

South Africa. One bird was seen, a skulker in bushes in the north of Kruger.

Botswana. Before finally showing themselves in all their splendour, the ghostlike calls of these almost enigmatic birds echoed around the Marang campsite at Francestown. Just a few kilometres distant, a further bird was also noted at the koppies north of town.

Mozambique. A single Grey-headed Bush-Shrike was seen in woodland at Rio Savane, sharing a thicket with two Orange-breasted Bush-Shrikes .

Olive Bush-Shrike

South Africa. In addition to a single seen in the south of Kruger, several were heard at Addo. With the call similar to Orange-breasted Bush-Shrike, it is likely that some birds were overlooked.

Orange-breasted Bush-Shrike

South Africa. Though more often heard than seen, they were nonetheless fairly common in both Kruger National Park (seven birds in the north) and Kwazulu-Natal (seven at Mkuzi, one at Cape Vidal and at least ten at Bonamanzi).

Botswana. All records were in the Okavango Delta, where several were heard calling along the Boteti and at Shakawe before two birds were eventually seen at Guma.

Mozambique. Part of a mixed bird flock, two Orange-breasted Bush-Shrikes were seen at Rio Savane.

Brubru Shrike

Namibia. Four records spread widely across the country: two at Twyfelfontain, one at Namutoni Camp in Etosha, two at Divundu and a single at Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Possibly overlooked to a degree, the only records were two in Kruger and one at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Voice records only, heard in both the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and Okavango Delta.

Black-backed Puffback (Puffback Shrike)

Namibia. Of the 18 birds seen, all were in the far north and, except pairs at Ruacana and Popa Falls, all were in the Katima Mamila area (five in riverine forest, five in bushland north of town and four 20 km south).

South Africa. With a total of 27 logged, this was a fairly common bird the east of the country. Records can be broken down into three singles in Kruger, one at Milwane in Swaziland, five at Mkuzi, at least 16 in the St Lucia to Cape Vidal area and two at Eshowe.

Botswana. Widely dispersed across the country, the records consisted of one on Kgale Hill in Gaborone, two in the Marang campsite in Francestown and, in the Okavango, singles in Maun and along the Boro.

Mozambique. Recorded at two localities - Barra (five birds) and Gorongosa Mountain (seven).

White-tailed Shrike

Namibia. A near-endemic and speciality of Namibia. Windhoek is a good spot for this bird, with up to seven seen per visit to the Hoffmeyr Walk, plus three at Daan Viljoen and occasionally birds at Avis Dam. Further north, five were also seen at Spitskoppe and a single flock of about 15 at Ruacana Falls.

Southern White-crowned Shrike

Namibia. Etosha was the stronghold for this bird - the central Halali area being particularly good, notching up about 20 birds per day. By contrast, the Namutoni end of the park managed only about five daily, whilst the Okaukuejo a mere single near Homob. Away from Etosha, the only record was eight at Ruacana Falls.

South Africa. A flock of six was noted near Crocodile Bridge in the south of Kruger.

Botswana. The Okavango was fairly good for this species - at least 18 were noted in the woodlands north of Maun, as well as eight along the Boro and a single at Tali Pan.

Retz's Helmet-Shrike (Red-billed Helmet-Shrike)

Namibia. A single sighting: one in mopane woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

Botswana. In Moremi, two flocks were noted - six birds near South Gate and four towards the Kwai River.

White-crested Helmet-Shrike (White Helmet-Shrike)

Namibia. Though several small flocks, totalling about 25 birds, were seen near Halali in Etosha, no others were seen elsewhere in the national park or indeed anywhere in Namibia.

Botswana. In addition to a pair in the woodlands north of Maun, about five birds were seen in a mixed flock with the Retz's Helmet-Shrikes near the Kwai River in Moremi.

South Africa. A flock of about eight was noted in the sand forest at Mkuzi.

Mozambique. The only record was a pair near Vilankulo.

Greater Blue-eared Starling

Namibia. Common in the riverside woodlands at Mahango, but otherwise the only two records were six birds in the Caprivi Game Park and four at the nearby Kongola.

South Africa. Recorded only in Kruger National Park, where common in the northern half of the reserve and almost nonexistent in the south (just two seen near Crocodile Bridge).

Botswana. Though very localised and occurring in only selected parts of the Okavango, they were very abundant where seen (chiefly in riverine forest and on wooded islands). The best totals were at least 80 at Shakawe and 20 on Gadikwe Island.

Cape Glossy Starling

Namibia. The most widespread of the starlings. Birds were fairly common in the Windhoek area (up to eight at Avis Dam, two at the sewage farm and 25 at Daan Viljoen), numerous throughout Etosha and in numbers up to 15 at both Ruacana Falls and Rundu.

South Africa. Other than many in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, the only sightings were several in central Kruger, at least five at Mkuzi and pairs at St Lucia, Addo and Springbok.

Botswana. Abundant throughout the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (from the Nossob to Mabuasehube) and common in the environs of Gaborone. Away from these areas, two were also noted at Nata.

Black-bellied Starling

South Africa. Recorded in forests throughout Kwazulu-Natal, sightings included five at Mkuzi, 12 at St Lucia, four at Cape Vidal and six at both Bonamanzi and Eshowe.

Sharp-tailed Starling

Namibia. Uncommon and localised, the one record was a flock of five in roadside woodland half way between Popa Falls and Ngepi.

Burchell's Starling

Namibia. Records consisted of five at Namutoni Camp in Etosha, six in woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila and a single in river meadows at Kongola.

South Africa. Only seen at Kruger National Park, where common from the centre of the reserve southwards.

Botswana. Common throughout the Okavango Delta, including along the Boteti, the woodlands north of Maun, in Moremi and along the route from Ngami to Shakawe. Elsewhere, two were also seen at Mabuasehube (the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) and one at Molopo.

Meve's Starling (Long-tailed Starling)

Namibia. Widespread in the far north, with records totalling nine at Ruacana Falls and, in the Okavango Valley, common at Mahango, two at Ngepi and about 20 at Rundu (plus four 45 km east of Rundu).

South Africa. Seen only in the north of Kruger, where a minimum of 20 were noted in the woodlands along the Luvuvhu River near Pafuri.

Botswana. Other than a single in the Marang campsite in Francestown, all birds seen were in the Okavango Delta. Coexisting with Burchell's Starling, though more dominant in riverine woodland, this bird was also frequent along the Boteti, in the woodland north of Maun, in Moremi and at Shakawe.

Violet-backed Starling (Plum-coloured Starling)

Namibia. Two were near Ngepi and singles at Daan Viljoen and the International Airport (December only).

South Africa. All in the northern half of the national park, about 30 Violet-backed Starlings were seen at Kruger. Away from there, three were also seen at Milwane (Swaziland) and another three at Mkuzi.

Botswana. In the Okavango Delta, a minimum of 100 birds were attracted to fruiting trees in the riverine forest at Shakawe. Additionally, in Moremi, six were noted on Gadikwe Island and two on Xhobega Island.

Mozambique. A minimum of ten were noted at Gorongosa Mountain and singles at Barra and Rio Savane.

Pale-winged Starling

Namibia. A widespread and sometimes common bird of arid rocky areas. Most abundant in the Windhoek area (up to 20 could be seen on the Hoffmeyr Walk, at Avis Dam and Daan Viljoen) and at Spitskoppe (at least 25 birds). Occasional pairs also found at Solitaire, Aus and the Barlow's Lark site east of Luderitz.

South Africa. In near desert environments, Pale-winged Starlings were common at Augrabies and also seen on the crags at Karoo Poort (four birds), the Doring River (six), Swartberg Pass (four) and Karoo N.P. (ten).

Red-winged Starling

South Africa. Extremely common in Cape Town, on Table Mountain and down the entire Cape Peninsula. Smaller numbers, generally less than 20, were also noted at many sites through Cape Province, including in the Clanwilliam area, Pakhuis Pass, Eland's Bay, De Hoop, Karoo N.P. and Katbakkies. In the east of the country, the species was most numerous at Sani Pass, where at least 30 were noted, but three were also noted in the north of Kruger, along with ten at Malalotja (Swaziland) and five at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. The cliffs at Otse held the only 20 Red-winged Starlings to be seen in Botswana.

European Starling

South Africa. This introduced species was very common in suburban areas and grassland at Clanwilliam, Lambert's Bay, Veldriff and many parts of Cape Town (for example, the Constantia greenbelts).

Wattled Starling

Namibia. A major roost at Windhoek sewage farm was a spectacle to see, with huge numbers feeding on the settling beds in the late afternoon and thereafter congregating in the nearby trees. Numbers declined somewhat through the season, falling from an initial minimum of 1800 birds in the second week of October to an estimated 1400 by the end of the month, and thereafter to about 800 in mid-December. Strangely, the only other birds seen in the Windhoek area were 12 at Daan Viljoen and seven at Avis Dam on one occasion. Away from Windhoek, a flock of 20 were also noted near Keetmanshoop.

South Africa. Mixed with Pied Starlings, a flock of at least 150 were feeding in fields near Vanrhynsdorp. In addition, a smaller flock of about 15 was also seen in the north of Kruger.

Botswana. Flocks of about 15 and 30 birds were seen in Mabuasehube (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park), while many more were also found in the Okavango Delta - with flocks common along the Maun rivers, throughout Moremi and in the Pan Handle, the best numbers were about 85 on the Thamalakane and approximately 35 both along the Boteti and on Gadikwe Island.

Pied Starling

South Africa. Most abundant in the Overburg farmland and at De Hoop, both areas frequently attracting numerous flocks, sometimes hundreds strong. Elsewhere, minimums of 45 were at Wakkerstroom, 40 at Vanrhynsdorp, 20 at Veldriff and ten at both Eland's Bay and Addo. Smaller numbers were also noted at Lambert's Bay, Pakhuis Pass, Kransvlei Poort, Katbakkies and Karoo National Park.

Common Myna (Indian Myna)

South Africa. This invasive alien was common in suburbia in both Johannesburg and Eshowe, with about 20 also at Wakkerstroom and four in St Lucia town.

Botswana. Two singles only - one at Lobatse and another in Gaborone.

Red-billed Oxpecker

Namibia. Five were seen at Ruacana Falls and six every day at Ngepi.

South Africa. Very common in Kruger National Park, where up to 25 were seen daily throughout the reserve. Elsewhere, 12 were also noted at Mkuzi and eight at St Lucia.

Botswana. As well as a total of 30 in the Gaborone area (at Ngotwane, Bokaa and Thalgale and in the suburbs), Red-billed Oxpeckers were common in the Okavango, most especially in the game-rich areas of Moremi and the adjacent Boro.

Yellow-billed Oxpecker

Namibia. Associating with Red-billed Oxpeckers, two were observed on one occasion at Ngepi. Later, five were also noted at Divundu.

South Africa. A scarce resident of Kruger, eight were seen near Shingwedzi and four near Satara.

Botswana. Though outnumbered by Red-billed Oxpecker, several birds of this species were seen in Moremi and two along the Boteti.

Gurney's Sugarbird

South Africa. The protea fields on the route up through Sani Pass provided excellent views of at least 20 birds, whilst a single was also noted on proteas at Malalotja in Swaziland.

Cape Sugarbird

South Africa. Though Kirstenbosch is the undoubtedly the best site to guarantee this special endemic (up to 25 were seen per visit, all in the protea garden), up to 20 birds were also seen in the vicinity of the cable car at the base of Table Mountain and a similar number at Swartberg Pass. In addition, nine were noted at Pakhuis Pass, six at the Cape of Good Hope, two at Simon's Town and singles at Sir Lowry's Pass and on the summit of Table Mountain.

Malachite Sunbird

South Africa. Common and widespread, particularly in Cape Province. The best locality for Malachite Sunbirds in the Western Cape was Lambert's Bay, where at least ten were seen daily in the fynbos. Elsewhere, six were noted at Addo, five at Swartberg Pass, four at Eierkop and smaller numbers at Springbok, Kransvlei Poort, Pakhuis Pass, the Cape of Good Hope, Sir Lowry's Pass and De Hoop.

In the east of South Africa, the range is far more restricted, though an impressive minimum of 40 birds were seen in the lower parts of Sani Pass, with at least five also at Malalotja (Swaziland) and a single at Wakkerstroom.

Orange-breasted Sunbird

South Africa. An attractive endemic, easily seen in the Cape Town area. In addition to being abundant in the higher parts of Kirstenbosch botanical gardens and on the summit of Table Mountain, at least ten were seen on the slopes of the mountain above the city centre. On the Cape Peninsula, about ten were also noted at Cape Point, as well as six in gardens and flowering shrubs adjacent to the penguin colony at Simon's Town. Further afield, at least 15 were also found at Swartberg Pass and one pair at Pakhuis Pass.

Scarlet-chested Sunbird

Namibia. As well as birds in the north (one at Ruacana Falls and two at Ngepi), singles were also seen at Avis Dam on two occasions.

Botswana. The only three birds seen were one at the koppies north of Francestown and two at Xaxaba.

Mozambique. Frequent on the Inhambane peninsula - up to five daily at Tofo Beach and four at Barra.

Amethyst Sunbird (Black Sunbird)

South Africa. Three birds in the campsite at Addo were the only records in South Africa.

Mozambique. In the wooded islands, four were seen in the grassland belt at Rio Savane.

Copper Sunbird

Namibia. Occurring only in the Katima Mamila area, this is a highly localised species in Namibia. Around this town, a male was seen in the Zambezi Lodge campsite and two females in riverine forest alongside the road towards the Zambian border.

Grey Sunbird

South Africa. The iPhiva campsite at St Lucia supported two of these rather localised birds.

Western Olive Sunbird

Mozambique. In a higher patch of forest, a single Western Olive Sunbird was seen at Gorongosa Mountain.

Eastern Olive Sunbird

South Africa. In the forests of eastern Kwazulu-Natal, birds were noted at three localities - three individuals at St Lucia, two at Bonamanzi and another two at Eshowe.

Collared Sunbird

South Africa. Abundant in the moist forests of Kwazulu-Natal, the best counts included at least 15 at St Lucia, 20 at Cape Vidal, ten at Bonamanzi and four at Mkuzi.

Botswana. In the bushes around the lodges at Guma Lagoon, at least six Collared Sunbirds were seen.

Mozambique. Only seen at Gorongosa Mountain, where at least eight birds were noted (Variable Sunbird is also found here, though was not so dominant in the higher altitudes).

Variable Sunbird (Yellow-bellied Sunbird)

Mozambique. Occurring alongside Collared Sunbird, but slightly more abundant at lower altitude, about ten Variable Sunbirds were seen at Gorongosa Mountain.

Plain-backed Sunbird (Blue-throated Sunbird)

Mozambique. Rather more scarce than expected, the only three seen were in mixed bushland at the transition of the mangrove swamps and palm savannah at Barra.

Greater Double-collared Sunbird

South Africa. Not really visiting the heartland of this sunbird's range, records were rather few - in total, five were noted in Swaziland (most at Malalotja), four at Addo and, at one of the most westerly sites for the bird, at least 12 birds were found at Grootvadersbosch.

Southern Double-collared Sunbird (Lesser Double-collared Sunbird)

Namibia. With its range just peeking into Namibia, a morning's walk along the Orange River produced four birds, all in riverside trees and shrubs.

South Africa. A common bird in the south of Cape Province, Lesser Double-collared Sunbirds were numerous at localities such as Kirstenbosch botanical gardens, Lambert's Bay, the Clanwilliam area and Pakhuis Pass. Small numbers were also noted on Table Mountain, around the Cape Peninsula, at Paarl and in the Karoo National Park.

Purple-banded Sunbird

Namibia. Another eastern Caprivi species, four birds were noted alongside the Zambezi in Katima Mamila.

Botswana. Localised and rare in the Okavango Delta, the record of a single on a wooded river island near Guma was noteworthy (it is still a description species in Botswana, but is probably overlooked to a degree).

Mozambique. Comparatively common along the coast, at least 12 were seen on Benguera Island and about ten at Rio Savane.

Marico Sunbird

Namibia. Around Windhoek, two birds were seen at Avis Dam and pairs at the sewage farm on two occasions. Further north, a female was at Namutoni Camp in Etosha and a pair at Rundu.

Botswana. Common in both the Gaborone area (including suburbia) and Moremi in the Okavango Delta. Away from these localities, however, the only record was two birds at the koppies north of Francestown.

Neergaard's Sunbird

South Africa. This localised endemic was only seen in the sand forest at Mkuzi, where a single was noted near the Kubube hide.

White-bellied Sunbird

Namibia. Fairly common in the north: singles at Ruacana Falls and Rundu, two at Katima Mamila, up to three daily around the campsite at Ngepi and a further five minimum in the dry woodland west of Ngepi.

South Africa. The single record was a lone bird in the south of Kruger National Park.

Botswana. Though common in Moremi and along the Boro, the only other records were away from the Okavango - at least three at Otse and two at the koppies north of Francestown.

Dusky Sunbird

Namibia. Widely seen in the arid thornveld and desert scrub of central Namibia - about six per visit to the Hoffmeyr Walk, at least eight at Sossusvlei and common at Spitskoppe. Smaller numbers were also seen in many other localities, including two at Rooibank, four at the mouth of the Swakop River, occasionals in the Okaukuejo area of Etosha and a single at Aus.

South Africa. Only seen in the far north of Cape Province, where many were seen at Augrabies, several in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) and two at Springbok.

Botswana. Records were restricted to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, where several were noted on either side of the border in the Nossob Valley.

Cape White-eye

South Africa. In Cape Province, this bird was very common on the lower slopes of Table Mountain and at Kirstenbosch, Kransvlei Poort and De Hoop, each site supporting at least 20 birds daily. At Constantia and Grootvadersbosch, they were even more abundant, with at least 40 birds at both. Elsewhere, ten were seen at Pakhuis Pass each day, four along the Doring River, five at Simon's Town and one at Lambert's Bay. In the east of the country, other than at least 25 in the lower elevations of Sani Pass, all records were of pairs or small flocks - these included at Mkuzi, St Lucia, Eshowe and, in Swaziland, at both Malalotja and Milwane.

Botswana. The range of Cape White-eye just clips the south-east of Botswana and the one sighting was three birds on Kgale Hill in Gaborone.

Orange River White-eye

South Africa. At least 15 were seen in the campsite and along the Dassie Trail at Augrabies Falls.

Yellow White-eye

Botswana. Three birds seen, all in the Okavango - singles at Shakawe, Gadikwe Island and Xhobega Island.

Mozambique. In central Mozambique, eight were noted at Gorongosa Mountain and two at Rio Savane.

Grey-headed Sparrow

Namibia. Other than six at Daan Viljoen, all records were in the north. At least 20 were seen at Ruacana Falls, almost 30 in Katima Mamila, plus several in Okaukuejo Camp and at waterholes throughout Etosha.

South Africa. Common in the north of Kruger, but otherwise the only birds were two at St Lucia and

Botswana. In addition to small numbers through the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Grey-headed Sparrows were fairly prevalent in the Okavango Delta (at least two along the Thamalakane and common in Moremi).

Mozambique. Only logged at Barra, but common there.

Great Sparrow

Namibia. A common bird at Etosha, present in large numbers at many waterholes. Otherwise, all records were in the Windhoek area, with four at Avis Dam, eight at the sewage farm and six at Daan Viljoen.

House Sparrow

Namibia. Patchy distribution - common in Luderitz and Rundu towns, several also in Swakopmund town and along the Orange River, but scarce in Windhoek, the only birds being about 15 at the sewage farm and two on the Hoffmeyr Walk.

South Africa. As well as an omnipresence in urban areas such as Johannesburg, Cape Town and some smaller towns like Lambert's Bay and Clanwilliam, two were also seen in central Kruger, about ten at Addo and many in the Karoo National Park.

Botswana. Abundant in Gaborone, but otherwise not logged elsewhere.

Mozambique. Common in Maputo and small numbers (up to 15) at Tofo Beach, Barra and Rio Savane.

Cape Sparrow

Namibia. Abundant in western and southern parts, including Walvis Bay, Spitskoppe Twyfelfontain and Sossusvlei, the latter site supporting at least 200 birds. Smaller flocks, up to 30, were also noted at Rooibank, the mouth of the Swakop River, at Keetmanshoop and along the Orange River

South Africa. Common throughout much of Cape Province, most notably the north (Augrabies, Brandvlei and Springbok), the west (Lambert's Bay, Eland's Bay and Pakhuis Pass) and the south (De Hoop and both Bontebok and Karoo National Parks). It was not, however, seen in either Cape Town or anywhere on the Cape Peninsula. In the east of the country, the only records were ten at Wakkerstroom and 15 at Sani Pass.

Botswana. In addition to several birds in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park), Cape Sparrows were fairly frequent in the area around Gaborone.

Yellow-throated Petronia (Yellow-throated Sparrow)

South Africa. Only noted at Mkuzi, where a flock of six birds was seen.

Botswana. Both in Moremi in the Okavango Delta, two separate individuals were noted on Dead Tree Island.

Sociable Weaver

Namibia. The huge communal nests make this an extremely easy bird to find, the nests often so large that they eventually make the trees collapse. These avian 'cities', each supporting on occasion hundreds of birds, were numerous in the areas from the Naukluft Mountains to Sossusvlei, as well as at Etosha in Okaukuejo Camp and the thornveld north of Okaukuejo and Namutoni. In the south, several nests and associated birds were noted in the Aus area.

South Africa. In Bushmanland, a single colony was noted at Brandvlei, and thereafter many 'small' nests were seen along the road north towards Kenhardt (most built on telegraph poles). Sociable Weavers were also on both sides of the border in the Nossob Valley in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Botswana. In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Sociable Weavers were abundant in the Nossob Valley, but then became scarce in the duneveld and were totally non-existent at Mabuasehube. In the extreme south-east of Botswana, they made a reappearance with a small colony found at Kgoro Pan.

Red-billed Buffalo Weaver

Namibia. A nomadic bird, possible anywhere in the northern half of Namibia. Singles were seen at Halali and Namutoni Camps, both in Etosha, and alongside the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila, whilst three were also noted at the Katima Mamila sewage farm.

South Africa. Though sightings were restricted to Kruger National Park, they were fairly common within the reserve - equally divided between the north and south, about 30 birds were seen in all, including several at the colonial nests.

Botswana. After a single bird in the duneveld in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Red-billed Buffalo Weavers proved themselves abundant in the Okavango Delta. Of the approximately 65 birds counted, at least were 30 in Moremi and 15 along the Boro, with most of the remainder in the woodlands north of Maun or along the Thamalakane River.

White-browed Sparrow-Weaver

Namibia. Abundant across the entire thornveld belt of middle and northern Namibia, their scruffy colonial nests a common feature of the landscape. Particularly abundant in the Windhoek, Spitskoppe and central Etosha areas, whilst the most north-easterly record was about 20 at Rundu.

Botswana. Common throughout much of Botswana, including south of Gaborone (at Lobatse and Kgoro Pan), at the koppies north of Francestown and in Moremi. In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, although scattered colonies were noted in Mabuasehube, no birds were seen in the Nossob Valley.

Thick-billed Weaver

Namibia. A Caprivi special, the only records were six by the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila and at least 35 at the town's sewage farm.

South Africa. Scattered across the east, four birds were seen at Milwane (Swaziland), another four at St Lucia and singles in the south of Kruger and at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. All in the Pan Handle of the Okavango Delta, two were seen nest building in the papyrus swamp at Shakawe and another at Guma Lagoon.

Mozambique. A single at Barra was the only bird seen in Mozambique.

Dark-backed Weaver (Forest Weaver)

South Africa. A common canopy species in the forests of Kwazulu-Natal - in total, eight were seen at Mkuzi, about 20 at St Lucia, 15 at Cape Vidal, ten at Bonamanzi and six at Eshowe.

Mozambique. The high forests on Gorongosa Mountain yielded four birds.

Village Weaver (Spotted-backed Weaver)

Namibia. Resident of the Caprivi Strip, breeding colonies of at least 40 birds were found at Rundu, 30 alongside the Zambezi at Katima Mamila and a further 20 or so at the town's sewage farm.

South Africa. Only record was two birds at Addo.

Botswana. A very localised bird in south-east Botswana, the 12 pairs seen nesting at Ngotwane was a noteworthy record. Further north, colonies in the Okavango were just being reoccupied as we arrived and sightings included about 40 males at a colony at Shakawe and about 12 at Guma.

Mozambique. Five birds were noted on Benguera Island.

Southern Masked Weaver

Namibia. The most common of the yellow weavers, the species was especially abundant in the Windhoek area (breeding on the Hoffmeyr Walk, at the city's sewage farm and at Daan Viljoen, occasionally also seen at Avis Dam). Elsewhere, many birds were also seen at the Orange River, at Sossusvlei and the rivermouth at Swakopmund. In the Caprivi Strip, the only record was at least four alongside the River Zambezi adjacent to the road northwards from Katima Mamila.

South Africa. In Cape Province, Southern Masked Weavers were common breeders at Augrabies, Clanwilliam, Bontebok National Park and Paarl. Elsewhere, smaller numbers were also seen at many sites, including Lambert's Bay, Pakhuis Pass, the Doring River, Addo and a pool at Katbakkies. Over in the east of the country, records were fewer, but included several in central areas of Kruger National Park and a small number at Wakkerstroom.

Botswana. Abundant in both the Gaborone area and throughout the Okavango Delta.

Lesser Masked Weaver

Namibia. Only recorded in the Windhoek area, though fairly common there. Several pairs were noted breeding at the sewage farm, many were seen on the Hoffmeyr Walk and four were noted at Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. Both in southern Kruger, two colonies of about 20 pairs were encountered, one in the Lower Sabie camp (the birds hopping around the tables of the restaurant).

Botswana. The only birds seen were those in a small colony in the gardens of the Riley's Hotel in Maun.

Mozambique. Common on Benguera Island, a minimum of 30 birds were noted.

Spectacled Weaver

Namibia. One record only - a pair by the River Zambezi at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Only noted in Kwazulu-Natal, where four birds were seen at Mkuzi and six at St Lucia.

Botswana. In Botswana, this species is largely restricted to the Okavango Delta and the few records there included a pair near Gadikwe Island, two singles at Shakawe and one bird at Guma.

Mozambique. Fairly widespread - eight were noted at Gorongosa Mountain, four on Benguera Island and, on the Inhambane peninsula, two at Barra and three at Tofo Beach.

Red-headed Weaver

Namibia. A total of seven birds were seen across the Caprivi Strip - a single at Rundu, three in the Katima Mamila area, one at Ngepi and two in dry woodland west of Ngepi.

Botswana. Though the distinctive funnelled nests were seen more often, the only birds encountered were two pairs attending nests at Nata (Makgadikgadi Pans) and another at Kweta.

Chestnut Weaver

Namibia. A localised bird, most common in the far north west. Several small flocks, in all totalling about 60 birds, were seen in the thornveld at Ruacana Falls.

Cape Weaver

South Africa. Other than in the Clanwilliam area, where abundant around the town's dam and common at Pakhuis Pass, the only records were of small numbers, typically less than ten. In Cape Province, these included birds in the Overburg farmland, at De Hoop Nature Reserve, at Addo and on a small pool at Katbakkies. In the east, additional small numbers were noted at Wakkerstroom, Mkuzi, Sani Pass and Milwane in Swaziland.

Golden Weaver

Namibia. A weaver of the northern rivers, this bird was most abundant at Ruacana Falls (at least 40 present), with smaller numbers also at the sewage farms at Rundu and Katima Mamila (two birds at each) and at the campsite at Ngepi (four per day).

Botswana. Scattered through the Okavango Delta, several pairs were noted in Moremi, two along the Boro, at least ten birds at Shakawe and several more at Guma.

Yellow Weaver

South Africa. Only seen at two sites in Kwazulu - a minimum of 15 birds at St Lucia and two at Bonamanzi.

Southern Brown-throated Weaver

South Africa. Though apparently out of range, an adult bird was found feeding fledged young in the valley below the Logwaja viewpoint at Malalotja in Swaziland. Elsewhere, two birds were also noted at St Lucia.

Botswana. Restricted to the Okavango Delta, the best numbers were at Shakawe area, where at least 30 birds were noted along the river. In addition, several were also seen at Guma, two at Gadikwe Island and a single elsewhere in Moremi.

Southern Red Bishop

Namibia. Red Bishops were only observed at three sites in Namibia - at least 20 birds at Windhoek sewage farm, many breeding pairs in the reeds at the Orange River and, in the far north, two at Kongola.

South Africa. With hundreds seen at both localities, Southern Red Bishops were most abundant in the farmlands of the Overburg and Wakkerstroom, though were also common at Augrabies, Pakhuis Pass, De Hoop, Karoo Poort and Milwane (Swaziland). Smaller numbers were also seen at the West Coast localities, at Addo and at Sani Pass.

Mozambique. Overlapping in range with Black-winged Bishop, this species was also seen in the Gorongosa area and indeed was numerous, possibly leading to the under-recording of the former.

Black-winged Bishop (Fire-crowned Bishop)

Mozambique. In reeds below a bridge on the approach to Gorongosa Mountain, several birds were noted.

Yellow-crowned Bishop (Golden Bishop)

Botswana. Only noted in the Gaborone area, where common in the suburban fringe and at sites such as Ngotwane, Phakalane and Bokaa Dam.

Yellow Bishop (Yellow-rumped Widow)

South Africa. Common in the Clanwilliam area (including Pakhuis Pass and Kransvlei Poort) and, in the east, at Wakkerstroom and Milwane (Swaziland), but otherwise just ten at Sani Pass, a pair at Karoo Poort and occasional singles at Lambert's Bay and the Cape of Good Hope.

Mozambique. Several birds were noted on the lower slopes of Gorongosa Mountain.

Long-tailed Widowbird (Long-tailed Widow)

South Africa. As well as a number seen from the plane at Johannesburg International Airport, these fantastic birds were common at Wakkerstroom and additionally about 20 were seen at Malalotja in Swaziland.

Botswana. One bird was seen near Kgoro Pan in the extreme south-east of the country.

Red-collared Widowbird (Red-collared Widow)

South Africa. Most abundant in Swaziland, where many were seen at Malalotja and at least ten at Milwane. In South Africa itself, they were also common at Wakkerstroom and about five were noted at Sani Pass.

Mozambique. At Gorongosa, these birds were common in the farmland of the lower slopes of the mountain.

White-winged Widowbird (White-winged Widow)

South Africa. Only noted at Kruger, four birds were seen in the north of the national park.

Botswana. In south-east Botswana, White-winged Widowbirds were common at most sites visited, including the suburban fringe of Gaborone and nearby sites such as Ngotwane, Phakalane, Tsholofelo and Lobatse.

Fan-tailed Widowbird (Red-shouldered Widow)

Namibia. In Namibia, occurs only in the Caprivi. Total records were two at Bagani, four near the Zambezi at Katima Mamila, four more at the town's sewage farm and up to six daily at Ngepi and two at Mahango.

South Africa. Abundant at both Wakkerstroom and Malalotja (Swaziland), but otherwise the only two seen were along the approach road to Cape Vidal.

Botswana. In the Okavango, common in the reedbeds and along the rivers through Moremi and at Shakawe.

Mozambique. As well as many in the grasslands adjacent to the Limpopo River, at least 15 were seen both on Benguera Island and at Rio Savane, plus up to four per day at Tofo Beach.

Red-billed Quelea

Namibia. A very widespread bird, abundant in some areas. The highest count was about 800 at Sossusvlei, though they were also numerous at many of the Etosha waterholes, especially Rietfontain, Goas, Chudop and Kalkheuwel. Elsewhere, at least 150 were at Ruacana Falls and 25 at Kongola, whilst the Windhoek area managed about 60 at the sewage farm and up to 30 per visit to Avis Dam.

South Africa. In Kruger, Red-billed Queleas were abundant in the extreme north of the national park, but a flock of about 30 near Lower Sabie camp was the only sighting in the south.

Botswana. Abundant in many areas - a large roost was noted at Ngotwane Dam, many birds at Lobatse, huge flocks at the Planet Baobab waterhole (Kweta) and scattered flocks throughout the Okavango (small numbers only in Moremi, but more common en route to Shakawe).

Green-winged Pytilia (Melba Finch)

Namibia. Only seen in Windhoek and Caprivi. Windhoek records consisted of two at Daan Viljoen and up to 15 per trip to Avis Dam, while the Caprivi birds were four at Rundu and two 20 km south of Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Two pairs in the north of Kruger National Park were the only birds seen in South Africa.

Botswana. A poor showing for this species, with just one record: a pair at the koppies north of Francestown.

Locustfinch

Mozambique. Flushed in the grasslands at Rio Savane, a flock of three birds were seen at this classic site for the species.

Quailfinch

Namibia. Easy to overlook, since usually has to be flushed to be seen. However, 18 were seen at Avis Dam on one occasion, as well as counts of 12 and 22 on consecutive days at Ngepi.

South Africa. Noted both in South Africa itself (nine at Wakkerstroom) and in Swaziland (six at Malalotja).

Botswana. Three widely dispersed records - eight at Kgoro Pan in the south east, two at Nata adjacent to the Makgadikgadi Pans and two at Guma in the Pan Handle of the Okavango Delta.

Pink-throated Twinspot

South Africa. Though fairly unobtrusive and best located by voice, two pairs of these real stunners were found at Mkuzi and a further pair at Bonamanzi.

Red-throated Twinspot

Mozambique. In a small patch of woodland fairly high on Gorongosa Mountain, a single bird gave excellent views as it fed quietly on the forest floor.

Green Twinspot

South Africa. Regrettably, heard only, not seen - the one record was of a pair calling close to the hide built especially for them at Eshowe. In over an hour in the hide, the birds did not emerge from the thick vegetation and, not having time to wait longer, Green Twinspots must remain something of my imagination!

African Firefinch (Blue-billed Firefinch)

South Africa. Attracted to seed in front of the Twinspot hide in Eshowe forest, two birds gave good views.

Jameson's Firefinch

Namibia. A single was found in a grassy vlei amongst woodland 20 km south of Katima Mamila, then three birds in thornveld close to Popa Falls.

Mozambique. Following a single bird at Tofo Beach, at least eight were seen in the agricultural areas on the lower slopes of Gorongosa Mountain.

Red-billed Firefinch

Namibia. With at least 15 at both Ruacana Falls and Rundu and a single at Popa Falls, this was the most abundant of the firefinches in Namibia.

Botswana. Other than two at Lobatse in south-east Botswana, all others were in the Okavango - several along the Boteti, in Moremi and in woodland north of Maun, plus about five at Guma and two at Shakawe.

Brown Firefinch

Namibia. Popa Falls is a regular site for Brown Firefinches, but I failed to see them there. Fortunately, further down the Okavango, the rank grassland and thickets adjacent to the riverside vleis at Ngepi produced up to 16 birds daily.

Swee Waxbill

South Africa. One record: a single in long grass close to the campsite at Grootvadersbosch.

Violet-eared Waxbill

Namibia. This attractive waxbill was only encountered in the Windhoek area - up to ten at Avis Dam on a couple of occasions and four at Daan Viljoen.

Botswana. In the northern half of the country, a pair was noted at Nata and another pair in Moremi.

Black-faced Waxbill (Black-cheeked Waxbill)

Namibia. With flocks frequently up to 30 birds, Black-faced Waxbills were common at Avis Dam. At other localities, at least ten were at Daan Viljoen and, in the north, two at Rundu.

Botswana. At the two ends of the country, this species was recorded in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (four in the duneveld, five at Mabuasehube) and the Okavango Delta (pairs along the Thamalakane, in Moremi and in woodland near Maun).

Common Waxbill

Namibia. Only bountiful in the Katima Mamila area, where 18 were seen along the road towards Zambian border and about 25 at the sewage farm. Elsewhere, the few records were of six at Rundu, five at Avis Dam and two at the mouth of the Swakop River.

South Africa. Common and abundant. In Cape Province, the best counts were about 20 at Pakhuis Pass, 12 at De Hoop and a similar number in adjacent Overburg farmland. In addition, eight were seen at Constantia, four at both Lambert's Bay and near Eierkop, a pair at Grootvadersbosch and a single at Kransvlei Poort. In the east of the country, in addition to flocks of ten and 12 at Cape Vidal and Sani Pass respectively, pairs or small flocks were also seen at Malalotja in Swaziland, St Lucia, Bonamanzi and the south of Kruger.

Botswana. Only two flocks were encountered - nine birds at Phakalane and about ten in Moremi.

Mozambique. About ten birds were seen in reeds behind Tofo Beach and four near a village at Rio Savane.

Grey Waxbill

South Africa. One record only - three birds in the iPhiva campsite at St Lucia.

Blue Waxbill

Namibia. Away from the very north, the only records were four at Namutoni in Etosha and four on the Hoffmeyr Walk (the latter birds unusually far south). Along the northern extremes of the country, however, Blue Waxbills were abundant - for example, at least 35 at Ruacana Falls, up to 40 per day at Rundu, at least 55 scattered around the Katima Mamila sites, ten at Kongola and very common at both Popa Falls and Ngepi.

South Africa. In Kruger National Park, Blue Waxbills were common at Punda Maria and Pafuri in the far north, but thereafter became ever-scarcer southwards and only occasional birds were seen in the centre of the national park and none in the south. About ten were also seen at Mkuzi.

Botswana. Common throughout the north and east of Botswana, including in the Gaborone area, the koppies north of Francestown and, in the Okavango Delta, Moremi, Shakawe and the open woodland north of Maun.

Bronze Mannikin

Namibia. At the extreme west of its range, Katima Mamila offers the only chance for this species. On my trip, about 20 were in the campsite, one at the sewage farm and a pair along the road towards Zambia.

Mozambique. Coexisting with Red-backed Mannikins, about 15 were noted at Tofo Beach, four at Barra and five on the outskirts of Inhambane town. Elsewhere, six were also found on Benguera Island.

Red-backed Mannikin

South Africa. Giving views down to just a few centimetres, four Red-backed Mannikins were seen at the hide constructed for Green Twinspots in the forest at Eshowe.

Mozambique. With at least 20 at Barra and about five daily at Tofo Beach, this mannikin appeared fairly common on the Inhambane peninsula. Four were also seen at Gorongosa Mountain and one at Rio Savane.

Cut-throat Finch

Namibia. Further south than expected, ten birds were found drinking at Chudop waterhole in Etosha.

Botswana. Two records: a single at Nata and another at the Planet Baobab waterhole (Kweta).

Red-headed Finch

Namibia. This was one of the most abundant small birds at the waterholes of Etosha, though only from Rietfontain eastwards, particularly at Chudop and Kalkheuwel. Other than at Etosha, the only birds recorded were about 20 at Sossusvlei.

South Africa. Recorded on both sides of the border in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park).

Botswana. About 15 were seen in the Nossob Valley in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, but otherwise only three birds seen in the whole country - a pair at Nata and a single at the waterhole at Planet Baobab (Kweta).

Scaly-feathered Finch

Namibia. The best count was of over 60 at Sossusvlei, though was also quite common at Etosha, especially at Kalkheuwel waterhole. In the rest of the country, about ten were noted on the Hoffmeyr Walk and pairs at both Avis Dam and Aus.

South Africa. Only seen on the South African side of the Nossob Valley in Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

Botswana. Common at Kgoro Pan and abundant throughout the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Elsewhere, seen in small numbers along the Boteti River and in the open woodlands north of Maun.

Pin-tailed Whydah

Namibia. With 20 at the sewage farm and ten at Avis Dam, the Windhoek area held the bulk of the birds seen in Namibia. The only others were five at the Orange River and two at Katima Mamila.

South Africa. Whereas only single birds were noted in Cape Province (at Eland's Bay, Veldriff, in the Overburg farmland and at Bontebok N.P.), eastern records included six at Malalotja (Swaziland), four at both Wakkerstroom and Sani Pass and three at Bonamanzi.

Botswana. Common only in the Gaborone area, where seen both in suburbia and at the neighbouring birding sites. Elsewhere, occasional birds were also noted in Moremi in the Okavango.

Mozambique. A minimum of ten were seen on Benguera Island, along with two at both Gorongosa Mountain and Rio Savane.

Shaft-tailed Whydah

Namibia. More frequent than Pin-tailed Whydah, up to five were seen per visit to Avis Dam and, in the Caprivi Strip, up to ten daily at Rundu and six at Ngepi.

Botswana. Common in the Gaborone area and abundant at the Planet Baobab waterhole (Kweta), but otherwise the only records were three in the Nossob Valley (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) and two en route to Shakawe in the Okavango Delta.

Long-tailed Paradise Whydah

South Africa. Common at Johannesburg International Airport, where most easily seen by looking out of the plane window for the many displaying males when either landing or taking off! If aeroplane windows are not your thing, six were also seen in the north of Kruger and two in the south.

Botswana. Common in both Gaborone and at the Planet Baobab waterhole (Kweta), with several also seen in Moremi and six en route to Shakawe from Ngami.

Dusky Indigobird (Black Widowfinch)

South Africa. The only record of the trip was a single in the north of Kruger.

Purple Indigobird (Purple Widowfinch)

Mozambique. Two birds, both in the agricultural fields above the village, were seen at Gorongosa Mountain.

Village Indigobird (Steelblue Widowfinch)

South Africa. Three birds were noted in the north of Kruger National Park.

Botswana. It is possible that the status of Indigobirds in the Okavango Delta is not fully understood - for although it is stated that the local race of Village Indigobird has a white bill (and thus looks like a Dusky Indigobird), the reality is that birds occur with both white bills and red bills. Indeed, a single flock in a Maun garden contained three white-billed birds and one red-billed. Further up the Thamalakane River, a single white-billed bird was also seen.

Cuckoo Finch

South Africa. The only record was a single feeding on a roadside verge at Cape Vidal.

Yellow Canary

Namibia. At least 15 were seen in the Spitskoppe area and a further 30 at Keetmanshoop.

South Africa. Fairly common in Cape Province. Best counts were about 30 at Clanwilliam, approximately 20 at the Doring River and 15 at both Lambert's Bay and De Hoop. Smaller totals included a minimum of ten at both Veldriff and Eierkop, five in the Overburg and four in a dry streambed north of Karoo Poort.

Brimstone Canary (Bully Canary)

Mozambique. Recorded at two coastal localities - two birds at Tofo Beach and six on Benguera Island.

Lemon-breasted Canary

Mozambique. At Tofo Beach, as a cyclone wrought havoc to all around, a single male Lemon-breasted Canary sheltered in the lee of a palm tree and was practically the only passerine seen that day!

Yellow-fronted Canary (Yellow-eyed Canary)

Namibia. A single record only - one bird in dry woodland west of Ngepi.

South Africa. Recorded in the east of the country, a total of 27 birds were logged - ten at Mkuzi, eight at Cape Vidal and, in Kruger, five in the north of the national park and four in the south.

Botswana. Common in Gaborone area, but not seen elsewhere.

Mozambique. Moderately common on the Inhambane peninsula, where five or six were seen daily at Tofo Beach and three at Barra. Further north, six were also noted at Rio Savane.

Black-throated Canary

Namibia. The most abundant of Namibia's canaries, with records from all parts of the country. Around Windhoek, 16 were seen at Daan Viljoen, up to 15 on the Hoffmeyr Walk, eight at the sewage farm and six at Avis Dam. At Etosha, in addition to about 20 at Springbokfontain, the bird was common at waterholes in the Namutoni region, particularly Kalkheuwel. Further north, about 15 were seen at both Ruacana Falls and Katima Mamila, whilst in the south, a couple were also noted at Aus.

Botswana. Common in Gaborone, with many birds seen around the city itself and at neighbouring sites such as Bokaa Dam. Elsewhere, only noted at Nata, where about 30 birds were noted.

Forest Canary

South Africa. With sightings restricted to the southern belt of the Cape, total records consisted of two birds in the Constantia greenbelts and a further two at Grootvadersbosch.

Cape Canary

South Africa. Common in many parts of Cape Province, including at the Cape of Good Hope, Pakhuis Pass and the Clanwilliam area, with smaller numbers also at Simon's Town, Kirstenbosch and Grootvadersbosch. Away from Cape, however, they were only seen at Wakkerstroom (abundant) and at Sani Pass (six birds).

White-throated Canary

Namibia. In the more arid parts of the country, about 20 were seen at the Orange River, at least that number at Spitskoppe and a single at Aus.

South Africa. Widely recorded throughout Cape Province, the best counts consisted of at least 15 at Brandvlei, ten at Springbok and six at Eierkop. Elsewhere, pairs or flocks up to five were also seen at Augrabies, Pakhuis Pass, Kransvlei Poort, Lambert's Bay, Veldriff, the Overburg farmland, Addo and in both the Bontebok and Karoo National Parks.

Protea Seed-eater (Protea Canary)

South Africa. At the classic site for the species, a pair were seen in Kransvlei Poort. Some kilometres to the east, a pair were also seen at Pakhuis Pass.

Streaky-headed Seed-eater (Streaky-headed Canary)

South Africa. At least 15 were noted at Addo, but otherwise the only records were pairs at Grootvadersbosch and Kransvlei Poort and a single at Bontebok National Park.

Black-headed Canary

South Africa. Though nomadic and often elusive, birds were recorded on two occasions - three not far from the town at Brandvlei and eight in Karoo National Park.

Cape Siskin

South Africa. This localised endemic was seen with some frequency in the southern Cape. At the Cape of Good Hope in October, two pairs were seen, one feeding three recently fledged young, while a month later seven birds were at the same place. A year later, on two subsequent trips, pairs were also seen on both occasions. Away from Cape Point, two were also noted on Lion's Head, seven at Pakhuis Pass, six at Sir Lowry's Pass and another pair feeding young at Grootvadersbosch.

Drakensburg Siskin

South Africa. On the rocky slopes up near the Lesotho border, Drakensburg Siskins were both approachable and common at Sani Pass - indeed, at least 20 were seen in the last 200 metres before the border and could also be watched from the comfort of Sani Top Lodge.

Chaffinch

South Africa. Introduced into the Cape Town area, one was seen (and several more heard) in the Constantia greenbelts.

Cinnamon-breasted Bunting (Rock Bunting)

Namibia. Common at Ruacana Falls, where about ten were seen, but otherwise just four at Halali in Etosha and a pair at Avis Dam on a couple of occasions.

South Africa. All in the east of the country, a total of eight were seen in the northern half of Kruger, two at Malalotja (Swaziland) and four at Sani Pass.

Botswana. Though an amazing flock of about 40 was seen at the waterhole at Planet Baobab (Kweta), not a single bird was seen elsewhere in Botswana.

Golden-breasted Bunting

Namibia. This stunning species was found at four localities: a pair at the Halali waterhole in Etosha, one near the Zambezi at Katima Mamila and then further pairs in the woodland west of Ngepi and at Avis Dam.

South Africa. A pair in the north of Kruger were the only birds seen in South Africa.

Botswana. Three birds seen: one at the koppies north of Francestown and two in woodland north of Maun.

Mozambique. Sole record was one bird noted at Barra.

Larklike Bunting

Namibia. The only records were one at the Barlow's Lark site and up to six on both visits to Daan Viljoen.

South Africa. An irruptive species, occasionally occurring in very large flocks. Although several hundred were noted in scattered flocks beyond the Doring River, the largest single flock encountered was an estimated 200 birds at Brandvlei (with many more in the area). In addition, birds were also common at Pakhuis Pass, Augrabies and in the Nossob Valley, with smaller numbers at Vanrhynsdorp and Clanwilliam.

Botswana. Only recorded in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, where they were common in the Nossob Valley straddling the South African border.

Cape Bunting

Namibia. Only seen at Spitskoppe and Daan Viljoen, eight at the first and two at the latter.

South Africa. A widespread species, the best counts being about 30 around the Doring River, 20 at Springbok and at least 15 at each Pakhuis Pass, Clanwilliam and De Hoop. Elsewhere, six were seen at Lambert's Bay, Eierkop and Karoo N.P., four at Kransvlei Poort and Katbakkies, plus singles or pairs at Sir Lowry's Pass, Brandvlei and Wakkerstroom.

Index

· Part 1 - Namibia & Cape Province

· Part 2 - Botswana & eastern South Africa

· Part 3 - Mozambique

List of All Birds Seen (Very Big!)
List of Mammals and Reptiles Seen

Western Europe	North America	Caribbean	Africa	Asia
Eastern Europe	South America	Australasia	Middle East	East Indies

River counts		Roost counts
River	No. of birds (length)	Samedupi (Boteti)	120
Boteti	281 (42 km)	Sitatunga (Thamalakane)	414
Thamalakane	298 (38 km)	Moshu (west of Maun)	72
Maunachira (Moremi)	75 (30 km)	Gadikwe (Moremi)	19
Okavango (Shakawe)	188 (50 km)	Xakanaxa (Moremi)	157
Okavango (Sepupa)	14 (15 km)	Xhobega (Moremi)	35
Taokhe (Guma)	53 (25 km)	Xaxaba (Boro)	197
		Shakawe (Okavango)	100+

Roost counts
Xebec (Boteti)	227	Xaxaba (Boro)	31
Moshu (west of Maun)	45	Nxaraga Ledibe (Boro)	49
Gadikwe (Moremi)	17	Shakawe (Okavango)	77
Xakanaxa (Moremi)	25	Guma (Taokhe)	79
Xhobega (Moremi)	21

Roost counts
Sitatunga (Thamalakane)	4	Xhobega (Moremi)	49
Moshu (west of Maun)	8	Xaxaba (Boro)	74
Gadikwe (Moremi)	3	Guma (Taokhe)	9
Xakanaxa (Moremi)	162

Roost counts
Xobe (Boteti)	12	Xhobega (Moremi)	84
Sitatunga (Thamalakane)	4	Xaxaba (Boro)	123
Moshu (west of Maun)	9	Nxaraga Ledibe (Boro)	5
Gadikwe (Moremi)	28	Shakawe (Okavango)	356
Xakanaxa (Moremi)	118	Guma (Taokhe)	98

Roost counts
Samedupi (Boteti)	1200	Xhobega (Moremi)	142
Sitatunga (Thamalakane)	1579	Xaxaba (Boro)	253
Gadikwe (Moremi)	328	Shakawe (Okavango)	548
Xakanaxa (Moremi)	425

River counts		Roost counts
River	No. of birds (length)	Samedupi (Boteti)	24
Boteti	106 (42 km)	Sitatunga (Thamalakane)	27
Thamalakane	51 (38 km)	Gadikwe (Moremi)	2
Maunachira (Moremi)	43 (30 km)	Xakanaxa (Moremi)	188
Okavango (Shakawe)	60 (50 km)	Xhobega (Moremi)	30
Okavango (Sepupa)	13 (15 km)	Xaxaba (Boro)	298
Taokhe (Guma)	31 (25 km)	Nxaraga Ledibe (Boro)	290
		Guma (Taokhe)	23